tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74591845587053217522024-02-19T00:13:21.762-08:00Guruku Imam Al-Ghazali"perhitunglah dirimu sebelum engkau diperhitungkan".Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-3696736402196691922014-04-15T05:45:00.001-07:002014-04-15T05:52:07.529-07:00MAKALAH MENGENAL TASAWUF IMAM GHAZALI<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b> </b></span></span><b style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">BAB
I</span></b></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf
adalah upaya melatih jiwa dengan berbagai kegiatan (biasanya dilakukan dengan
mengasingkan diri) guna membebaskan diri dari pengaruh kehidupan dunia, dengan
tujuan untuk mendekatkan diri dan
memperoleh suatu hubungan khusus yang langsung dengan Allah, tercermin ahklak
yang mulia dan dekat dengan Allah Swt. </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hli</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf disebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sufi, yang selalu berusaha mensucikan
jiwanya demi mendekatkan diri kepada Allah. sebagai Tuhannya, dan untuk itu
diperlukan pendidikan dan latihan mental yang panjang dan bertingkat, dari
tahap satu ketahap lain yang lebih tinggi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tobat, zuhud, sabar, kefakiran
kerendahan hati, ketaqwaan, tawakkal, kerelaan, cinta,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sampai </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ke</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tercapainya
kesempurnaan (ma'rifatullah). </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
<em>Ibn Al Qayyim, </em>Ma’rifatullah yang dimaksudkan oleh ahlul ma’rifah<em>
(orang-orang yang mengenali Allah) </em>adalah ilmu yang membuat seseorang
melakukan apa yang menjadi kewajiban bagi dirinya dan konsekuensi
pengenalannya”.<br />
Ma’rifatullah tidak dimaknai dengan arti harfiah semata, namun ma’riaftullah
dimaknai dengan pengenalan terhadap jalan yang mengantarkan manusia dekat
dengan Allah, mengenalkan rintangan dan gangguan yang ada dalam perjalanan
mendekatkan diri kepada Allah.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai ilmu pengetahuan, Tashawwuf adalah salah satu
cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari
ajaran agama Islam yang khusus berkaitan dengan aspek-aspek moral serta tingkah
laku untuk mencapai atau menuju kepada
keadaan yang lebih baik dan lebih sempurna sesuai dengan substansi
ajaran Islam, yang menekankan dimensi atau aspek spiritual kehidupan manusia, atau lebih kepada aspek rohani
ketimbang aspek jasmani dan atau kehidupan akhirat ketimbang kehidupan dunia
yang fana. Oleh karena itu ilmu Tashawwuf
sangat penting untuk dipelajari dan</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">
dipahami terutama bagi masyarakat pemeluk agama Islam umumnya dan para pemuka</span><span lang="FI"> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">agama Islam khususnya,mengingat dewasa ini masyarakat mengalami banyak masalah dalam kehidupan
duniawi dan atau spritual keagamaan, sehingga mempelajari dan memahami </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> <span lang="FI">diharapkan akan menjadi suatu cara yang manjur untuk
menemukan solusi dari berbagai masalah tersebut.</span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Berpedoman pada Al-Qur’an dan Hadist sahih</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> sebagai
dokrin ajaran Islam yang berlaku mutlak, </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">nilai-nilai</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> <span lang="FI">(nilai-nilai sufi ) sudah
ada sejak zaman Rasulullah SAW, tasawuf nyata terlihat dari tingkah laku dan
perbuatan nabi yang mencerminkan ahklak yang sangat tinggi dan mulya, hal mana
sangat erat relevansinya dengan keberadaan nabi dalam kapasitasnya sebagai
utusan Allah, yakni untuk memperbaiki dan sekaligus menyempurnakan akhlak
manusia. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Salah satu tokoh tashawwuf yang sangat terkenal adalah Imam Al-Ghazali</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">seorang ahli sains sekaligus sebagai
tokoh sufi terkemuka, sehingga digelari sebagai </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hujjat
ul-Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dalam perjalanan hidupnya ia
merupakan seorang pengembara ilmu, terbukti dengan karya-karyanya yang kaya
akan berbagai cabang keilmuan. Sebagai tokoh sufi ia dikenal sebagai seorang
ulama usul fiqh dengan karyanya <i>al-mustashfa</i>, dan ia juga dikenal
sebagai tokoh filsafat dengan karyanya <i>Tahafut al-Falasifah</i> yang
mengkritik konsep berfikir para filosof saat itu. Ia menganggap ajaran
pemikiran filsafat para filosof telah melewati batas, hal mana menimbulkan
kehawatiran yang mendalam dalam dirinya akan rusaknya akidah kaum filsafat, oleh
karena itu beliau berinisiatif untuk meluruskan pemikiran filsafat dengan </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">menggagas kaedah-kaedah tasawuf</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sebagai
jembatan guna mendamaikan syari’at dengan tasawuf yang sempat mengalami clash
pada zaman itu, yang berhasil diwujudkannya melalui </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> karya terbesarnya,
”<b><i>Ihya’ U’lum al-Din</i></b> ” <b>(The Revival of Religion Sciences).</b> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Makalah ini akan memaparkan
kerangka dasar pemikiran Tashawwuf Imam Al-Ghazali dengan bertolak dari pengertian Tashawwuf
menurut para ahli ilmu agama Islam, sejarahnya,
latar belakang kehidupan pribadi Imam Al-Ghazli dan buah pemikirannya
serta pendapat dunia Islam dan pemikir Islam tentang beliau, baik yang pro
maupun yang kontra. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perumusan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">P</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">ermasalahan yang akan diangkat dalam makalah ini adalah
sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">” Bagaimana</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Konsep Ajaran Tasawuf Imam Al-Ghazali mampu </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">menggagas Kaedah-kaedah </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sehingga
dianggap sebagai jembatan yang telah berhasil mendamaikan Syari’at dengan
Tasawuf ?”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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Penulisan.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Penulisan makalah ini
ditujukan untuk mengetahui :</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengetahui tentang ilmu pengetahuan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">umumnya dan kerangka dasar pemikiran </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"> Imam Al-Ghazali
khususnya dalam menafsirkan Ajaran Islam bagi kemaslahatan pemeluknya dunia dan
akherat. </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sebagai langkah awal bagi penulis untuk penyusunan
Thesis nantinya dalam menyelesaikan study di Pasca Sarjana Magister Hukum.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kegunaan
Penulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kegunaan Praktis</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ;</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulis
berharap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">keseluruhan data dan informasi yang
disajikan dalam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">dalam
makalah ini dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memberikan masukan bagi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">para </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penyelenggara Negara dalam
pembentukan dan pembangunan hukum </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Islam kotenporer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Indonesia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kegunaan Teoritis</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Diharapkan dapat memberikan
sumbangan pemikiran dalam pengambilan kebijakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peningkatan dan pengembangan serta
pembaharuan hukum </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Islam, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sehingga
dapat diimplementasikan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
penanganan masalah Hukum Nasional </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">terhadap </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">masyarakat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Islam </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yang sesuai </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">dengan ajaran Islam.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Metode
Penulisan.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulisan
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">makalah ini</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
bersifat studi kepustakaan (<i>library research</i>), di mana data yang
diperoleh berdasarkan pustaka melalui </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Al-Quran dan Hadist, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">buku-buku, peraturan
perundang-undangan, dan laporan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
makalah dan atau artikel-artikel</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berhubungan
dengan filsafat hukum dan perannya dalam pembentukan hukum Indonesia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> kontenporer yang didapat melalui internet</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">TINJAUAN
UMUM TENTANG TASAWUF<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Tashawwuf <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adakah istilah tasawuf pada zaman Rasulullah Saw</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">? </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentu jawabannya tidak ada. Sebab</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">penamaan cabang-cabang ilmu syariat belum ada </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">zaman Rasulullah, tetapi praktek cabang ilmu tersebut
sudah ada sejak zamannya. Misalnya ilmu tafsir, penamaannya baru populer
setelah abad ke-2 H yang dipelopori oleh para penulis perdana dalam cabang ilmu
ini seperti, Syubah bin Hajjaj, Sufyan bin Uyainah dan Waki bin Jarah, pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hal praktek penafsiran sudah ada sejak zaman
Rasulullah. Begitu juga ilmu tasawuf dan cabang ilmu syariat yang lain.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut</span><a href="http://ahlujannah.blogspot.com/2011/03/pengertian-tasawuf-tasawwuf-menurut.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ULAMA' AHLUSSUNNAH</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah ilmu untuk mengetahui
bagaimana cara menyucikan jiwa, menjernihan akhlaq, membangun dhahir dan batin,
untuk memporoleh kebahagian yang abadi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berusahalah
engkau menjadi seorang yang mempelajari ilmu fiqih dan juga menjalani tasawuf,
dan janganlah ka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">u
hanya mengambil salah satunya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesungguhnya
demi Allah saya benar-benar ingin memberikan nasehat padamu.Orang yang hanya
mempelajari ilmu fiqih tapi tidak mau menjalani tasawuf, maka hatinya tidak dapat
merasakan kelazatan takwa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">edangkan
orang yang hanya menjalani tasawuf tapi tidak mau mempelajari ilmu fiqih, maka
bagaimana bisa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menjadi
baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">?</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa
kata Ibn Taymiah tentang istilah Tasawwuf</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ?</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alhamdulillah,
penggunaan kata tasa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uf
telah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">didiskusikan secara mendalam. Ini
adalah istilah yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">diberikan
kepada hal yang berhubungan dengan cabang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ilmu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(tazkiyat an-nafs and Ihsan).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Tasawwuf adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ilmu tentang kenyataan dan keadaan
dari pengalaman.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sufi
adalah orang yang menyucikan dirinya dari segala</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sesuatu
yang menjauhkan dari mengingat Allah dan orang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yang
mengisi dirinya dengan ilmu hati dan ilmu pikiran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">di
mana harga emas dan batu adalah sama saja baginya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tasawwuf menjaga makna-makna yang
tinggi dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meninggalkan
mencari ketenaran dan egoisme untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meraih
keadaan yang penuh dengan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ebenaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dia melanjutkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengenai Sufi,”mereka berusaha
untuk menaati Allah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ehingga
dari mereka kamu akan mendapati mereka</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">merupakan
yang terdepan (sabiqunas-sabiqun) karena</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">usaha
mereka. Dan sebagian dari merupakan golongan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kanan
(ashabus-syimal).”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibn Al-Khaldun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">alam Mukadimah-nya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menulis,
Ilmu ini (yakni tasawuf) salah satu ilmu syariat baru di dalam agama Islam.
Sebenarnya, metode kaum ini (kaum sufi) telah ada sejak masa para sahabat,
tabiin dan ulama-ulama penerusnya, sebagai jalan kebenaran dan petunjuk, karena
inti tasawuf adalah tekun beribadah, memutuskan hubungan dari selain Allah,
menjauhi kemewahan dan kegemerlapan duniawi, meninggalkan kelezatan harta dan
tahta yang sering dikejar kebanyakan manusia dan mengasingkan diri dari manusia
untuk beribadah. Praktek ini populer di kalangan para sahabat dan ulama
terdahulu. Ketika tren mengejar dunia menyebar di abad kedua dan setelahnya,
manusia mulai tenggelam dalam kenikmatan duniawi, orang-orang yang menghususkan
diri mereka kepada ibadah disebut sufi.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Shaikh
Rashad Rida</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berkata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">”tasawwuf adalah salah satu pilar
dari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pilar-pilar agama. Tujuannya adalah
untuk membersihkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">diri
dan mempertanggungjawabkan perilaku sehari-hari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan
untuk menaikan manusia menuju maqam spiritual yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tinggi”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DR.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Ketua Ulama Islam Internasional
dan juga guru besar Universitas al Azhar – Beliau merupakan salah seorang ulama
Islam terkemuka abad ini) mengatakan : “Arti tasawuf dalam agama ialah
memperdalam ke arah bagian ruhaniah, ubudiyyah, dan perhatiannya tercurah
seputar permasalahan itu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mereka
para tokoh sufi sangat berhati-hati dalam meniti jalan di atas garis yang telah
ditetapkan oleh Al-Qur,an dan As-Sunnah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ersih dari berbagai pikiran dan
praktek yang menyimpang, baik dalam ibadat atau pikirannya. Banyak orang masuk
Islam karena pengaruh mereka, banyak orang yang durhaka dan lalim kembali
bertobat karena jasa mereka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">an
tidak sedikit yang mewariskan pada dunia Islam, berupa kekayaan besar dari
peradaban dan ilmu, terutama di bidang ma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">’</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">rifat, akhlak dan
pengalaman-pengalaman di alam ruhani, semua itu tidak dapat diingkari.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harun Nasution</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">s</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ecara
etimologis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, <b>“</b></span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">”</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">memiliki
banyak arti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Safa</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">arti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">nya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> suci dan sufi adalah orang yang disucikan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">an memang, kaum sufi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berusaha menyucikan diri mereka melalui banyak melaksanakan ibadat,
terutama salat dan puasa. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saf</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (baris)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, y</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ang
dimaksud saf ialah baris pertama dalam salat di mesjid. Saf pertama ditempati
oleh orang-orang yang cepat datang ke mesjid dan banyak membaca ayat al-Qur'an
dan berdzikir sebelum waktu salat datang. Orang-orang seperti ini adalah yang
berusaha membersihkan diri dan dekat dengan Tuhan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahl
al-Suffah</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, yaitu para sahabat yang
hijrah bersama Nabi ke Madinah dengan meninggalkan harta kekayaannya di Mekkah.
Di Madinah mereka hidup sebagai orang miskin,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tinggal di Mesjid Nabi dan tidur di atas bangku batu dengan memakai suffah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(pelana)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sebagai
bantal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahl al-Suffah, sungguhpun tak mempunyai apa-apa,
berhati baik serta mulia dan tidak mementingkan dunia. Inilah pula sifat-sifat
kaum sufi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sophos</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (bahasa Yunani yang masuk kedalam filsafat Islam)
berarti hikmat, dan kaum sufi pula yang tahu hikmat. Pendapat ini</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">banyak yang menolak, karena kata sophos telah masuk
kedalam kata falsafat dalam bahasa Arab, dan ditulis dengan sin dan bukan
dengan shad seperti yang terdapat dalam kata tasawuf. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suf</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (kain wol). Dalam sejarah tasawuf, kalau seseorang
ingin memasuki jalan tasawuf, ia meninggalkan pakaian mewah yang biasa
dipakainya dan diganti dengan kain wol kasar yang ditenun secara sederhana dari
bulu domba. Pakaian ini melambangkan kesederhanaan serta kemiskinan dan
kejauhan dari dunia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Selanjutnya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Harun
Nasution</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menjelaskan, Tashawwuf itu
merupakan suatu ilmu pengetahuan dan sebagai ilmu pengetahuan, tashawwuf atau
sufisme mempelajari cara dan jalan bagaimana seorang Islam bisa sedekat mungkin
dengan tuhan”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbagai
definisi yang berbeda-beda tersebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dapat
ditarik suatu kesimp</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lan
tentang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">inti sari dan atau kata kunci dan atau esensi dan atau hakekat yang
sebenarnya dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b><i> </i></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">itu adalah ; </span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendekatkan
diri</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kepada<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>Allah SWT.</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendekatkan
diri kepada Allah SWT</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Maka
apabila kita rujuk dengan Al-Qur’an, keinginan manusia atau kaum sufi untuk </span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendekatkan
diri</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kepada<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>Allah SWT.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"> Bukanlah hal yang berlebihan atau mustahil,
karena sebenarnya Allah sendiri telah mengatakan dalam b</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">eberapa ayat Al-Qur’an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bahwa manusia dekat sekali pada Tuhan, diantaranya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Surat al-Baqarah ayat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">186</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">وَإِذَا</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">سَأَلَكَ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">عِبَادِي</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">عَنِّي</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">فَإِنِّي</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">قَرِيبٌ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ۖ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">أُجِيبُ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">دَعْوَةَ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">الدَّاعِ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">إِذَا</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">دَعَانِ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ۖ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">لِي</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ
يَرْشُدُونَ<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan apabila hamba-hamba-Ku bertanya kepadamu tentang Aku, Maka (jawablah),
bahwasanya aku adalah dekat. aku mengabulkan permohonan orang yang berdoa
apabila ia memohon kepada-Ku, Maka hendaklah mereka itu memenuhi (segala
perintah-Ku) dan hendaklah mereka beriman kepada-Ku, agar mereka selalu berada
dalam kebenaran.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan
perintah Allah dimaksud </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam Al- Qur’an
Surat Adz-Dzaariyaat ayat 56</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <i><span lang="EN-US">: </span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Dan Aku tidak menciptakan jin dan manusia melainkan
supaya mereka menyembah-Ku</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan Surat Al-Baqarah ayat 21</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Hai manusia, sembahlah Tuhanmu yang telah menciptakanmu dan orang-orang
yang sebelummu, agar kamu bertaqwa”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Baqarah ayat 30:<i>“Ingatlah ketika
Tuhanmu berfirman pada para malaikat</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">esungguhnya Aku hendak menjadikan seorang khalifah di
muka bumi’…”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beribadah berarti melaksanakan segala sesuatu (yang
baik) dengan semata mengharap ridla Allah. Bertaqwa artinya menjalankan segala
yang diperintahkan olehNya dan meninggalkan segala yang dilarang olehNya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selain itu, manusia diberi kepercayaan oleh Allah SWT
untuk menjadi khalifah (pemimpin) di muka bumi. Tugas kekhalifahan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kepemimpinan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> itu dimulai dengan memimpin diri (hawa nafsu)nya sendiri, keluarga, dan
kemudian berkembang ke memimpin lingkungan yang lebih luas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">Namun k</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">epercayaan Allah terhadap manusia untuk menjadi
khalifah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dimuka bumi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">awalnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> diprotes oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">malaikat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">iblis, dengan alasan yang berbeda. Malaikat protes karena melihat manusia
suka saling berbunuhan; sedangkan, iblis protes karena merasa dirinya yang
dibuat dari api itu lebih tinggi derajatnya dari pada manusia yang dibuat dari
tanah. Setelah Allah menjelaskan, malaikat mengikuti perintah Allah dan
mengakui kekhalifahan manusia, tetapi iblis tetap membangkang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">meskipun diancam dengan Neraka Jahannam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, malahan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> minta ‘privilege’ kepada Allah SWT untuk dapat hidup
terus hingga Hari Qiamat dan diberi ijin untuk membujuk manusia mengikuti jalan
sesatnya. Allah mengijinkan permintaan ini</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, sebagaimana</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dialog antara Allah dengan malaikat dan iblis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam Al-Qur’an (Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 30</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Surat Al- Israa’ ayat:62-65</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Surat An-Nisaa’ayat 118-119</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Surat Al-A’raaf ayat 16-17</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sasaran Strategis Syaithan adalah Hati (Qalb)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, karena h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ati merupakan inti dari manusia. Hatilah, dan bukan
akal, yang menggerakkan seluruh anggota badan. Hati pulalah yang menghubungkan
manusia dengan Khaliknya, Allah SWT. Firman Allah dalam Al-Qur’an Surat
Az-Zumar 17-18:</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <i>“Bahwa Allah itu tidak melihat kepada rupamu, akan
tetapi melihat kepada bathinmu.”</i> Rasulullah SAW bersabda: <i>“Bahwa dalam
badan anak Adam itu ada segumpal darah. Apabila segumpal darah itu baik,
baiklah seluruh badan anak Adam itu. Apabila gumpalan darah itu rusak, rusaklah
seluruh badan anak Adam itu. Perhatikanlah, bahwa yang dimaksud itu adalah
hati.”</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Peranan hati itu demikian penting karena didalamnya
Allah Ta’ala menaruh Nur yang bersifat Al-Latifah (Kelembutan), Ar- Rabbaniyah
(Ketuhanan), dan Ar-Rohaniyah (Kerohanian). Dengan Nur itulah manusia dapat
memperoleh ma’rifat. Apabila manusia menyelam ke dalam dirinya dan terus
menerus kembali kepada hatinya, terpancarlah baginya mata air ilmu yang disebut
“Ilmu Laduniah”. </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Bazari berkata: “Dalam hati itu terdapat sifat ‘Al-
Latifah’, ‘Ar-Rabbaniyah’, dan ‘Ar-Rohaniyah’ yang bersangkutan dengan tubuh
manusia. Itulah hakikat insan dan itulah yang dapat mencapai arif, tempat Nur
yang ditaruh Tuhan padanya.” </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sedangkan Abdul Qadir Al-Jaelani berucap: “Hati itu
tempat ilmu hakikat karena ‘latifatur Rabbaniyyah’ yang mengatur bagi sekalian
anggota badan. Hati itu alat penembus hakikat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bahwa
penyebab yang membutakan hati itu adalah diantaranya jahil atau tidak sefaham
tentang hakikat perintah Tuhan. Manusia menjadi jahil apabila jiwanya sudah
dikuasai oleh sifat jiwa zalim, yang ditanamkan oleh syaithan lewat hawa nafsu
manusia, seperti: syirik, zinna, takabur, irihati, dengki, kikir, melihat diri
lebih utama, suka membuka rahasia orang lain, suka membawa berita adu domba,
bohong, dusta, dan semacamnya yang dapat menjatuhkan manusia ke dalam lembah
kehancuran dan kehinaan.…”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda: “Jikalau tidak bahwa
syaithan-syaithan itu menutupi hati anak Adam, sungguh orang-orang yang mu’min
itu melihat kepada langit malakut dan buminya.” Syaithan menutup hati manusia
itu dengan mengembangkan ‘nafsul-ammarah bissu’ (nafsu yang membawa kejahatan)
yang memang sudah ada pada diri manusia. Hawa- nafsu itu mendorong pada tindak
kejahatan dan pemenuhan kesenangan pribadi dan syahwat nalurinya. </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Para guru Tasawwuf mengatakan bahwa syaithan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adar sesadar-sadarnya akan pentingnya peranan hati ini
dalam diri manusia, syaithanpun menyerang manusia dari sasaran strategis ini, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ia </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memasuki hati dalam badan manusia melalui sembilan
lubang ya’ni kedua mata, kedua lubang telinga, kedua lubang hidung, lubang
mulut, dan kedua lubang kemaluan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, agar h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ati manusia menjadi buta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, sehigga </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak dapat menerima Nur Illahi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Buta hati adalah sesungguh-sungguhnya buta manusia.
Demikian Allah berfirman dalam Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Haj ayat 46</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>“…Karena sesungguhnya yang disebut buta itu
bukanlah buta matanya, melainkan buta hatinya yang letaknya di dalam dada.”</i>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sifat jiwa yang zalim yang menyebabkan butanya hati
tersebut adalah suatu penyakit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">apabila tidak segera diobati akan berakselerasi atau
beranak-pinak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, sebagaiman</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ditandaskan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Allah SWT</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">alam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Qur’an Surat Al-Baqarah ayat 9: <i>“Dalam hati
orang-orang kafir itu ada penyakit, lalu Allah menambah penyakit itu, dan bagi
mereka siksa yang pedih, karena mereka berdusta”</i> dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">At-Taubah ayat 125:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Dan adapun
bagi orang-orang yang dalam hatinya ada penyakit, maka bertambah kotorlah di
atas kotorannya serta mereka meninggal dunia dalam keadaan kafir.”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Demikian berbahayanya penyakit hati yang dihembuskan
syaithan lewat hawa nafsu manusia ini sehingga Rasulullah SAW menyatakan jihad
akbar melawan hawa nafsu ini. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari sabda-sabda beliau
seperti: <i>“Jihad yang paling utama adalah jihad seseorang untuk dirinya dan
hawa nafsunya”</i> (Bukhari dan Muslim), <i>“Musuhmu yang paling berbahaya
adalah nafsumu yang terletak diantara lambungmu”</i>, dan <i>“Kami kembali dari
jihad kecil ke jihad besar, yaitu jihad melawan hawa nafsu”</i> (yang diucapkan
sekembalinya dari Perang Badr yang akbar itu). Berjuang melawan musuh yang
dzahir ada kesudahannya tetapi berjuang melawan syaithan dan hawa nafsu tidak
ada habis-habisnya dan tidak berkesudahan hingga akhir hayat atau hari qiamat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membersihkan hati dan menolak kehendak hawa nafsu yang
keji itu fardlu ‘ain hukumnya. Akan tetapi, membersihkan hati itu sangat sukar
karena penyakit hati (illat-illat) itu tidak terlihat oleh mata tetapi dapat
ditangkap dengan hati. Untuk menandingi illat-illat tersebut harus ada Nur yang
tidak dapat ditangkap oleh panca indera tetapi tertangkap oleh hati. Dengan Nur
tersebut keluarlah manusia dari gelap gulita ke terang benderang dengan izin
Tuhannya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara kaum Sufi membuang penyakit hati tersebut adalah
dengan riyadhah dan latihan-latihan yang antara lain meliputi bertaubat,
membersihkan Tauhid, taqarrub kepada Allah, mengikuti Sunnah Nabi, memperbanyak
ibadah, qiyamul lail, tidak memakan/meminum makanan/minuman yang haram, tidak
menghadiri tempat yang menambah nyala api hawa nafsu, tidak melihat pemandangan
yang haram, dan menahan diri dari ajakan syahwat. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Riyadhah dan latihan khusus kaum Sufi untuk
membersihkan hati adalah dengan DZIKRULLAH, berdzikir dengan menyebut nama
Allah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, sebagaimana </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">firman Allah SWT
dalam Al-Qur’an Al-Baqarah 152</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: <i>“Karena itu, ingatlah kamu kepada-Ku, niscaya Aku
ingat (pula) kepadamu; dan bersyukurlah kepada-Ku, dan janganlah kamu
mengingkari (ni’mat)- Ku.”</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan;<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Ahzab 35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> :</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, berzikirlah (dengan menyebut nama) Allah,
dzikir yang sebanyak- banyaknya. Dan bertasbihlah kepada-Nya di waktu pagi dan
petang”, </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan;<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Ahzab 35</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">:</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Adapun orang laki-laki yang banyak berdzikrullah, demikian juga
orang-orang wanita, disedikan Allah baginya ampunan dan pahala yang besar”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ar-Ra’d 28</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <i><span lang="EN-US">; </span></i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“(yaitu) orang-orang yang beriman dan dan hati mereka
menjadi tenteram dengan dzikrullah. Ingatlah hanya dengan dzikrullah hati
menjadi tenang”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Landasan lain yang digunakan kaum Sufi adalah
sabda-sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW yang berbunyi: <i>“Bahwasanya hati itu itu kotor
seperti besi yang berkarat dan pembersihnya adalah Dzikrullah”, “Bagi setiap
sesuatu ada alat pembersihnya, dan alat pembersih hati adalah “DZIKRULLAH”</i>,
dan <i>“Jauhkanlah Syaithanmu itu dengan ucapan ‘LAA ILAAHA ILLALLAH,
MUHAMMADUR RASULULLAH’, karena syaithan itu kesakitan dengan ucapan kalimat
tersebut, sebagaimana kesakitan unta salah seorang kamu sebab banyaknya
penunggang dan banjirnya muatan diatasnya”, “Dzikir kepada Allah SWT, jadi
benteng dari godaan syaithan”</i>, dan <i>“Allah berfirman ‘LAA ILAAHA ILLALLAH
adalah bentengKu. Barang siapa mengucapkannya, masuklah ia kedalam bentengKu.
Dan barang siapa masuk ke dalam bentengku, maka amanlah ia daripada azabKu</i>.
(Hadist Qudsi).”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun kejauhan dan kedekatan seorang hamba dari
Tuhannya bukanlah berarti kejauhan atau kedekatan tempat dan waktu, tetapi
sesungguhnya kejauhan atau kedekatan itu semata-mata karena lupa atau ingat
hati terhadap Allah.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rasulullah SAW bersabda: <i>“Firman Allah Ta’ala, aku
ini sebagaimana yang disangka oleh hambaku, Aku bersama dia apabila ia ingat
kepadaKu, apabila ia mengingatKu dalam dirinya, Akupun ingat padanya dalam
diriKu, dan apabila ia mengingatKu dalam ruang yang luas, aku pun ingat padanya
dalam ruang yang lebih baik.”</i> (Hadis Qudtsi diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari). </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dzikrullah itu dapat mengangkat seorang hamba yang
mu’min dari bumi syahwat ke langit ma’rifat. Rasulullah SAW bersabda <i>“Tidak
ada seorangpun yang berkata Laa Ilaaha Illallah secara ikhlas dalam hatinya,
kecuali Tuhan membukakan pintu langit sehingga ia bisa meninjau arasy</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anggapan umum tentang Tasawwuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bahwa tasawwuf itu anti dunia dan mereka meninggalkan
segala hal yang berbau dunia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah keliru, karena k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aum Sufi </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hanya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menjauhi sesuatu, termasuk
dunia, yang menghalangi mereka berjalan menuju Allah. Sikap zuhud ini mereka
pegang berdasarkan Firman Allah dalam Al- Qur’an Surat Al-Munafiquun ayat 8
yang berbunyi: <i>“Hai orang-orang yang
beriman, janganlah harta-hartamu dan anak-anakmu melalaikan kamu dari mengingat
Allah. Barang siapa yang berbuat demikian maka mereka itulah orang-orang yang
rugi.”</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Akan tetapi apabila sesuatu, termasuk dunia, itu
memperkuat ibadah mereka terhadap Allah, apalagi itu perintah Allah dan
Rasulnya, merekapun akan mengambilnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ini</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dilandaskan pada Al-Quran Q.S Al-Qosas 77</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: “<i>Kejarlah apa
yang diberikan Tuhan untuk akhirat, tetapi janganlah engkau lupa akan nasibmu
di dunia. Berbuat baiklah sebagaimana Tuhan berbuat baik kepadamu, janganlah
bercita-cita berbuat di atas muka bumi ini karena Allah tidak menyukai mereka
yang berbuat kerusakan”,</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Q.S. Al-Baqarah 60</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Makan dan minumlah kamu dari rezki yang dikaruniakan
Allah, dan janganlah kamu berlomba-lomba berbuat kerusakan di atas bumi ini”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">S</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">abda Nabi
Muhammada SAW:<i> “Bukanlah orang baik jika
engkau tinggalkan dunia untuk akhirat atau sebaliknya meninggalkan akhirat
untuk dunia. Hendaklah mencapai kedua-duanya karena dunia itu jalan ke akhirat
dan jangan kamu bergantung kepada manusia” (Riwayat Ibn As-sakir).</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jaelani berkata: “<i>Harta benda itu adalah khadammu dan engkau
khadam Allah. Maka hidupmu didunia ini harus menjadi manusia tauladan dan
hidupmu di akhirat kelak menjadi orang yang mulia.”</i></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para
ulama besar kaum muslimin sama sekali tidak menentang tasawuf, tercatat banyak
dari mereka yang menggabungkan diri sebagai pengikut dan murid tasawuf, para
ulama tersebut berkhidmat dibawah bimbingan seorang mursyd tarekat yang arif,
bahkan walaupun ulama itu lebih luas wawasannya tentang pengetahuan syari’at
Islam, namun mereka tetap menghormati para syaikh yang mulia, hal ini
dikarenakan ilmu2 syari’at yang diperoleh dari jalur pendidikan formal adalah
ilmu lahiriah, sedangkan untuk memperoleh ilmu batiniyah dalam membentuk
“qalbun salim / akhlak yang mulia”, seseorang harus menyerahkan dirinya untuk
berkhidmat dibawah bimbingan seorang mursyd Tarekat yang sejati. (yang silsilah
keilmuannya jika dirunut keatas akan sampai kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">EMPAT
ORANG IMAM MAZHAB SUNNI, semuanya mempunyai seorang guru mursyd tarekat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mereka mempelajari Islam dalam sisi
esoterisnya yang indah dan sangat agung</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">semua menyadari bahwa ilmu syariat
harus didukung oleh ilmu tasawuf sehingga tercapai pengetahuan sejati mengenai
hakikat ibadah yang sebenarnya.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
ABU HANIFAH (85 H -150 H)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Nu’man
bin Tsabit - Ulama besar pendiri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mazhab
Hanafi)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">murid
dari Ahli Silsilah Tarekat Naqsyabandi yaitu Imam Jafar as Shadiq ra</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jalaluddin as Suyuthi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dalam kitab Durr</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">al Mantsur, meriwayatkan bahwa Imam
Abu Hanifah berkata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ; </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Jika tidak karena dua tahun, aku
telah celaka. Karena dua tahun saya bersama Sayyidina Imam Jafar as Shadiq,
maka saya</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendapatkan
ilmu spiritual yang membuat saya lebih mengetahui jalan yang benar”.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
MALIKI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Malik bin Anas - Ulama besar
pendiri mazhab Maliki) juga murid Imam Jafar as Shadiq ra, men</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">yatakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendukung ilmu tasawuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Barangsiapa
mempelajari/mengamalkan tasawuf tanpa fiqih maka dia telah zindik, dan
barangsiapa mempelajari fiqih tanpa tasawuf dia tersesat, dan siapa yang
mempelari tasawuf dengan disertai fiqih dia meraih Kebenaran dan Realitas dalam
Islam.” (’Ali al-Adawi dalam kitab Ulama fiqih, juz 2, hal. 195 yang
meriwayatkan dari Imam Abul Hasan).</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
SYAFI’I (Muhammad bin Idris, 150-205 H)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lama besar pendiri mazhab Syafi’i berkata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ; </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“<i>Saya berkumpul bersama orang-orang sufi dan menerima 3 ilmu:</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mereka mengajariku bagaimana
berbicara</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mereka mengajariku bagaimana
memperlakukan orang lain dengan kasih sayang dan kelembutan hati</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mereka membimbingku ke dalam jalan
tasawuf.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
AHMAD BIN HANBAL (164-241 H)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lama
besar pendiri mazhab Hanbali berkata, “<i>Anakku,
kamu harus duduk bersama orang-orang sufi, karena mereka adalah mata air ilmu
dan mereka selalu mengingat Allah dalam hati mereka. Mereka adalah orang-orang
zuhud yang memiliki kekuatan spiritual yang tertinggi. Aku tidak melihat orang
yang lebih baik dari mereka”</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SYAIKH
FAKHRUDDIN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AR
RAZI (544-606 H)Ulama besar dan ahli hadits) berkata :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“<i>Jalan para sufi adalah mencari ilmu untuk memutuskan hati mereka dari
kehidupan dunia dan menjaga diri agar selalu sibuk dalam pikiran dan hati
mereka dengan mengingat Allah pada seluruh tindakan dan perilaku .” </i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
AL MUHASIBI (243 H./857 M)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam
al-Muhasibi meriwayatkan dari Rasul, “<i>Umatku
akan terpecah menjadi 73 golongan dan hanya satu yang akan menjadi kelompok
yang selamat”</i> . <i>Dan Allah yang lebih
mengetahui bahwa satu itu adalah Golongan orang TASAWUF. </i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
AL QUSHAYRI (465 H./1072 M)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam
al-Qushayri tentang Tasawuf: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Allah membuat golongan
ini yang terbaik dari wali wali- Nya dan Dia mengangkat mereka di atas seluruh
hamba-hamba-Nya sesudah para Rasul dan Nabi, dan Dia memberi hati mereka
rahasia Kehadiran Ilahi-Nya dan Dia memilih mereka diantara umat-Nya yang
menerima cahaya-Nya. Mereka adalah sarana kemanusiaan, Mereka menyucikan diri
dari segala hubungan dengan dunia dan Dia mengangkat mereka ke kedudukan
tertinggi dalam penampakan (kasyaf).</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
NAWAWI (620-676 H./1223-1278 M)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">alam
suratnya al-Maqasid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Ciri jalan sufi ada 5:</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menjaga kehadiran Allah dalam hati
pada waktu ramai dan sendiri mengikuti Sunah Rasul dengan perbuatan dan kata
menghindari ketergantungan kepada orang lain, bersyukur pada pemberian Allah
meski sedikit, selalu merujuk masalah kepada Allah swt</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IBNU
KHALDUN (733-808 H)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lama
besar dan filosof Islam berkata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Jalan
sufi adalah jalan salaf, yakni jalannya para ulama terdahulu di antara para
sahabat Rasulullah Saww, tabi’in, dan tabi’it-tabi’in. Asasnya adalah beribadah
kepada Allah dan meninggalkan perhiasan serta kesenangan dunia.”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IMAM
JALALUDDIN AS SUYUTI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Ulama
besar ahli tafsir Qur’an dan hadits) didalam kitab Ta’yad al haqiqat al
‘Aliyyah, hal. 57 berkata, <i>“Tasawuf yang
dianut oleh ahlinya adalah ilmu yang paling baik dan terpuji. Ilmu ini menjelaskan
bagaimana mengikuti Sunah Nabi Saww dan meninggalkan bid’ah.”</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TAJUDDIN
AS SUBKI</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, dalam </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kitab
Mu’iid an-Na’iim, hal. 190, tentang Tasawuf : <i>“Semoga Allah memuji mereka dan memberi salam kepada mereka dan
menjadikan kita bersama mereka di dalam sorga. Banyak hal yang telah dikatakan
tentang mereka dan terlalu banyak orang-orang bodoh yang mengatakan hal-hal
yang tidak berhubungan dengan mereka. Dan yang benar adalah bahwa mereka
meninggalkan dunia dan menyibukkan diri dengan ibadah”</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dia berkata pula :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Mereka
adalah manusia-manusia yang dekat dengan Allah yang doa dan shalatnya diterima
Allah, dan melalui mereka Allah membantu manusia”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IBNU
‘ABIDIN</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lama
besar,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dalam Rasa’il Ibn cAbidin (p.
172-173) menyatakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">” Para pencari jalan
ini tidak mendengar kecuali Kehadiran Ilahi dan mereka tidak mencintai selain
Dia. Jika mereka mengingat Dia mereka menangis. Jika mereka memikirkan Dia
mereka bahagia. Jika mereka menemukan Dia mereka sadar. Jika mereka melihat Dia
mereka akan tenang. Jika mereka berjalan dalan Kehadiran Ilahi, mereka menjadi
lembut. Mereka mabuk dengan Rahmat-Nya. Semoga Allah merahmati mereka”. </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">K</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ehidupan </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">S</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hufi Nabi Muhammad </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SAW.
Dan Para Khalifah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Berdasarkan hadist-hadist
dapat diketahui T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">entang kehidupan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> sufi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Rasulullah dan Para Sahabat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, bahwa s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ebenarnya kehidupan
shufi sudah terdapat pada diri nabi Muhammad SAW</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dapat dilihat dalam
perilaku dan peristiwa dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehidupan
beliau sehari-hari </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
amat sederhana dan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">tahan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menderita,
disamping menghabiskan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">waktunya
untuk beribadah dan selalu mendekatkan diri kepada Allah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ahkan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sejak </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sebelum beliau diangkat sebagai
Rasul Allah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demikian
juga b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">anyak tercatat di dalam sejarah
tentang keutamaan pribadi para sahabat. Mereka meneladan langsung akhlak nabi.
Pribadi mereka digembleng</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">oleh
Rasulullah, menjadi manusia-manusia utama yang akan dicontoh dan ditiru oleh
ummat yang dibelakang mereka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebelum
diangkat menjadi Rasul, beliau seringkali melakukan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kegiatan shufi dengan berkhalawat
(mengasingkan diri) di Gua Hira</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbulan-bulan
lamanya, terutama pada bulan Ramadhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">disana nabi banyak berzikir dan bertafakur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendekatkan diri kepada Allah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sampai menerima wahyu pertama saat
diangkat sebagai Rasul Allah. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengasingan
diri Nabi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gua Hira ini merupakan acuan utama
para sufi dalam melakukan khalawat. Kemudian puncak kedekatan Nabi dengan Allah
tercapai ketika melakukan Isra Mikraj</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nabi telah sampai ke Sidratul</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">muntaha, bahkan telah sampai berdialog d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">enga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">n Allah, ketika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menerima perintah tentang shalat
lima </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">waktu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah
Beliau resmi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">diangkat
sebagai Nabi utusan Allah, keadaan dan cara hidup beliau masih ditandai oleh
jiwa dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">suasana kerakyatan, yang sederhana,
zuhud, dan tidak pernah terpesona dengan kemewahan dunia meskipun beliau berada
dalam lingkaran keadaan hidup yang serba dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terpenuhi
semua keinginan lantaran kekuasaannya sebagai Nabi yang menjadi kekasih
Tuhan- Nya. Pada waktu malam sedikit sekali tidur, waktunya dihabiskan
untuk bertawajjuh kepada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Allah
dengan memperbanyak dzikir kepada-Nya. Tempat tidur beliau terdiri dari balai
kayu biasa dengan alas tikar dari daun kurma, tidak pernah memakai pakaian
yang terdiri dari wool,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meskipun
mampu membelinya. Pendek kata beliau lebih cinta hidup dalam suasana sederhana</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">( meskipun pangkatnya Nabi )</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, sehingga dalam </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">salah satu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oanya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:”<em>Wahai
Allah, Hidupkanlah aku dalam kemiskinan dan matikanlah aku selaku orang miskin</em>”
(HR.at-Tirmizi, Ibnu Majah dan al-Hakim).</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
satu riwayat dari Aisyah RA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
; <em>S</em></span><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uatu
malam nabi mengerjakan shalat malam,
didalam salat lututnya bergetar karena panjang dan banyak rakaatnya. Tatkala
rukuk dan sujud terdengar suara tangisnya namun beliau tetap melaksanakan salat
sampai azan Bilal bin Rabah terdengar diwaktu subuh.</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melihat nabi</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">demikian tekun melakukan salat,</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aisyah bertanya:Wahai Junjungan,
bukankah dosamu yang terdahulu dan yang akan datang diampuni Allah, mengapa
engkau masih terlalu banyak melakukan salat?</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">N</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abi SAW menjawab</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ;
</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aku ingin
menjadi hamba yang banyak bersyukur</span></em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(HR.Bukhari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan Muslim).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">itu N</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">banyak berzikir. Beliau berkata: “<em>Sesungguhnya
saya meminta ampun kepada Allah dan bertobat kepada-Nya setiap hari tujuh puluh
kali</em>” (HR.at-Tabrani).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhlak
Nabi Muhammad</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">merupakan
acuan akhlak yang tidak ada bandingannya. dapat dilihat dalam firman Allah SWT
yang artinya: “<em>Dan sesungguhnya kami (Muhammad) benar-benar berbudi pekerti
yang agung</em>”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(QS.Al
Qalam:4)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">K</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etika
Aisyah ditanya tentang Akhlak Nabi SAW, Beliau menjawab<i>: Akhlaknya adalah Al-Qur’an</i>”(HR.Ahmad dan Muslim)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, dan ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">urat
Al-Ahzab ayat 21</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesungguhnya
telah ada pada diri Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik bagimu yaitu bagi
orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari kiamat dan dia banyak
menyebut nama Allah.”.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rasulullah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">t</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">idak
membenci dunia, tetapi tidak mau terpengaruh oleh urusan dunia. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Para </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sahabat pernah berhimpun di rumah
Utsman bin Mazhun Al-Jumahy yang terdiri dari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ; </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ali, Abu Bakar, Abdullah bin
mas’ut, Abu Zar, Salim Maula, Abi Huzaifah, Abdullah bin Umar, Miqdad bin
Aswad, Salman Al-Farisi, Ma’qal bin Muqrin dan tuan rumah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ereka bermusyawarah untuk berpuasa
siang hari, tidak tidur di ata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
kasur, tidak memakan daging dan lemak, tidak mendekati istri, tidak memakai
minyak wangi, akan memakai wool kasar, akan meninggalkan dunia, akan
mengembara di muka bumi. Maka Rasulullah SAW. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">bersabda </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesungguhnya aku tidak menyuruh
yang demikian</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ! </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sesungguhnya ada hak kewajibanmu
terhadap dirimu, maka puasalah kamu dan berbuka, bangunlah dan beribadat pada
malam hari dan tidur, aku berpuasa dan berbuka, aku makan daging dan lemak, aku
datangi perempuan-perempuan. Barang siapa yang tidak suka kepada sunnahku itu,
maka tidaklah dia termasuk sebagian dari ummatku. Kemudian dihimpunnya orang
banyak lalu lalu ia berkhutbah dihadapan mereka, katanya : apakah halnya dengan
beberapa kaum, mereka mengharamkan perempuan, makanan, wangi-wangian, tidur dan
syahwat dunia ? Ketahuilah bahwa aku tidak menyuruh kamu menjadi
pendeta-pendeta dan rahib-rahib. Maka sesungguhnya tidak ada di dalam agamaku
meninggalkan makan daging dan meninggalkan perempuan dan tidak pula
membuat-buat ibadat. Dan bahwasanya perlawatan ummatku ialah puasa dan
rubbaniyyah (kebiasaan) mereka adalah jihad. Sembahlah Allah dan jangan
sekutukan sesuatu dengan Dia. Kerjakanlah haji dan umroh, dirikanlah shalat,
keluarkan zakat, puasalah di bulan Ramadhan dan tetaplah atas yang demikian,
niscaya kamu akan dimantapkan. Sesunggguhnya orang-orang yang dahulu dari pada
kamu binasa sebab memberat-beratkan (urusan agama). Mereka berat-beratkan atas
diri mereka, lantas diberatkan pula oleh Allah. Maka itulah
peninggalan-peninggalan mereka pada gereja dan tempat-tempat peribadatan.</span></i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan
para sahabat </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">juga dapat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dijadikan
acuan oleh para sufi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sebagai
murid langsung Rasulullah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">; </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Abu Bakar al-Siddiq<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yang
hartawan termasyur dengan kedermawanannya, ketaatan, tawadlu’, wara’ dan
mempunyai pribadi yang mulia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ehingga
ia mendapat tempat yang utama di hati Rasulullah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, ia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> telah mengorbankan harta bendanya
secara keseluruhan untuk kepentingan agama. Pada mulanya ia adalah salah
seorang Kuraisy yang kaya. Setelah masuk </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">slam, ia menjadi orang yang sangat
sederhana. Ketika menghadapi perang Tabuk, Rasulullah bertanya kepada para
sahabat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> ; </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siapa yang bersedia memberikan
harta bendanya dijalan Allah.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Abu Bakarlah yang
pertama menjawab<i>:</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saya ya Rasulullah. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhirnya
Abu Bakar memberikan seluruh harta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendanya
untuk jalan Allah. Melihat demikian, Nabi bertanya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apalagi yang tinggal
untukmu wahai Abu Bakar?</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menjawab<i>:Cukup bagiku Allah dan Rasul-Nya.”</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diriwayatkan
bahwa selama enam hari dalam seminggu Abu Bakar selalu dalam keadaan lapar.
Pada suatu hari Rasulullah SAW pergi kemesjid. Disana Nabi SAW bertemu Abu
Bakar dan Umar bin Khattab, kemudian ia bertanya:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenapa anda
berdua sudah ada di mesjid?Kedua sahabat menjawab:”Karena menghibur lapar</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diceritakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahwa Abu Bakar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hanya memiliki sehelai pakaian. Ia
berkata:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika seorang hamba begitu
dipesonakan oleh hiasan dunia, Allah membencinya sampai ia meninggalkan
perhiasan itu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh
karena itu Abu Bakar memilih takwa sebagai ”pakaiannya.” Ia menghiasi dirinya
dengan sifat rendah hati, santun, sabar, dan selalu mendekatkan diri kepada
Allah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dengan ibadah dan zikir.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah Abu Bakar dipilih sebagai Khalifah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">maka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> menyampaikan
ucapannya yang pertama pada orang ramai:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">"Saudara-saudara
sekalian, saya sudah terpilih untuk
memimpin kamu semua, dan saya bukanlah orang yang terbaik diantara kamu
sekalian. Kalau saya berlaku baik bantulah saya, kalau anda sekalian melihat
saya salah, maka luruskanlah. Kebenaran adalah suatu amanah, dan dusta
adalah pengkhianatan. Ikutlah saya selama saya taat kepada
perintah Allah dan RasulNya. Tetapi apabila saya melanggar (perintah) Allah dan
RasulNya maka tidak wajib anda sekalian mentaati saya. </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sekalian." </span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Umar
bin Khattab</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terkenal
dengan keheningan jiwa dan kebersihan kalbunya, sehingga Rasulullah SAW
berkata:” <i>Allah telah menjadikan
kebenaran pada lidah dan hati Umar.”</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Umar
menghabiskan malamnya beribadah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
demikian dilakukan untuk mengibangi waktu siangnya yang banyak disita untuk
urusan kepentingan umat. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Umar bin Khattab ra. Pekerjaan sehari-harinya adalah
berdagang,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">setelah
menjabat sebagai khalifah, ia berpidato dengan memakai baju bertambal dua belas
sobekan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beliau mengumpulkan rakyatnya di Madinah Munawwarah, lalu
beliau berkata</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">:</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saya biasa
berdagang, sekarang kalian telah memberiku suatu kesibukan sehingga saya tidak
dapat berdagang lagi. Sekarang bagaimana dengan mata pencaharian saya?” orang-orang
berselisih</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pendapat
tentang jumlah tunjangan bagi Umar ra. Sedangkan Ali ra. Hanya berdiam diri.
Umar ra. Bertanya kepadanya</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bagaimanakah pendapatmu wahai Ali?” jawab Ali ra. “
ambilah uang sekadar untuk mencukupi keperluan keluargamu.” Umar </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">angat menyetujui usul Ali ra. Maka ditentukanlah uang
tunjangan untuk Umar ra.</span></i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beberapa
lama kemudian, beberapa orang sahabat termasuk Ali ra, Utsman ra, Zubair ra,
dan Thalhah ra. Mengusulkan agar tunjangan untuk Umar </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">itambah karena</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">terlalu sedikit. Tetapi tak seorang
pun yang berani mengemukakannya secara langsung kepada Umar. Akhirnya mereka
menemui Hafshah</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">putri Umar</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, j</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">uga ummul mukminin istri Rasulullah. Mereka meminta
agar ia mengajukan usul mereka kepada Umar</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, t</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">anpa
menyebutkan nama mereka. Ketika Hafshah</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengajukan usul tersebut, wajah Umar</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> m</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">enjadi merah karena marahnya. Umar</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> b</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ertanya</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">siapakah yang mengusulkan ini?</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hafshah menyahut</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> “jawablah
dulu bagaimanakah pendapatmu?” Umar ra. Berkata: “andaikan saya tahu siapakah
mereka itu, niscaya akan saya tampar wajah mereka. Hafshah ceritkanlah tentang
pakaian Nabi saw. Yang terbaik yang pernah beliau miliki di rumahnya, “Hafshah
r.ha. menjawab,” beliau memiliki dua pakaian berwarna kemerahan yang
biasa beliau kenakan pada hari Jum’at atau ketika menemui tamu. kata Umar
ra. “sebutkan makanan apakah yang terlezat, yang pernah dimakan oleh Nabi saw.
Di rumahmu?” jawab Hafshah r.ha. “roti yang terbuat dari tepung kasar lalu
dicelupkan ke dalam kaleng berisi minyak. Kami memakannya ketika masih panas,
kemudian dilipat menjadi beberapa lipatan. Pernah suatu hari saya menyapu sekerat
roti dengan bekas-bekas mentega yang terdapat dalam sebuah kaleng minyak yang
hampir kosong. Beliau saw. Memakannya dengan penuh kenikmatan, dan beliau juga
ingin membagi-bagikannya kepada orang lain.” Umar ra. Berkata, “sebutkanlah apa
alas tidur terbaik yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah saw. Di rumahmu?”
hafshah r.ha. menjawab, “sehelai kain tebal, pada musim panas, kain itu dilipat
menjadi empat, dan pada musim dingin dilipat menjadi dua, separuh digunakan
untuk alas tidurnya dan yang separuh lagi untuk selimutnya. “Umar ra. Berkata,
nah Hafshah, sekarang pergilah dan katakan kepada mereka bahwa Nabi saw. telah
menunjukkan contoh kehidupan yang terbaik, dan aku harus mengikutinya.
Perumpamaanku dengan dua orang sahabatku, yaitu Rasulullah saw. Dan Abu Bakar
ra. Adalah seperti tiga orang musafir yang sedang melalui sebuah jalan yang
sama. Musafir yang pertama telah melalui jalan tersebut dan</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">telah sampai ke tempat tujuan. Adapun yang ketiga
,sekarang baru memulai perjalanannya. jika ia menempuh jalan yang telah mereka
tempuh sebelumnya,</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">maka ia akan menjumpai keduanya di
tempat tujuan yang sama. jika ia tidak menempuh jalan mereka yang mendahuluinya,tentu
ia tidak akan sampai ke tempat mereka.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diceritakan,
Abdullah bin Umar, putra Umar bin Khatab, ketika masih kecil bermain dengan
anak-anak yang lain. Anak-anak itu semua mengejek Abdullah karena pakaian yang
dipakainya penuh dengan tambalan. Hal ini disampaikannya kepada ayahnya yang
ketika itu menjabat sebagai khalifah. Umar merasa sedih karena pada saat itu
tidak mempunyai uang untuk membeli pakaian anaknya. Oleh karena itu ia membuat
surat kepada pegawai Baitulmal (Pembendaharaan Negara) diminta dipinjami uang
dan pada bulan depan akan dibayar dengan jalan memotong gajinya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pegawai Baitulmal menjawab surat
itu dengan mengajukan suatu pertanyaan, apakah Umar yakin umurnya akan sampai bulan
depan. Maka dengan terharu dengan
diiringi derai air mata , Umar menulis lagi sepucuk surat kepada pegawai Baitul
Mal bahwa ia tidak lagi meminjam uang karena tidak yakin umurnya sampai bulan
yang akan datang.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada suatu
saat, ketika Umar ra. Sedang menikmati makanannya, datanglah pelayan beliau
memberitahukan bahwa Utbah bin Abi Farqad ingin menemui beliau. Setelah Umar
ra. Mengijinkannya, masuklah Utbah ra. Lalu beliau mengajaknya untuk makan
bersama. Utbahpun menerima tawaran tersebut. Tetapi roti yang di hidangkan
adalah roti keras dan tebal sehingga ia sangat kesulitan untuk menelannya. Ia
bertanya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengapa engkau tidak menggunakan
tepung yang baik untuk membuat roti? “jawab Umar ra. Apakah semua orang islam
mampu memakan roti dari tepung yang baik? Sahut Utbah, “tidak semuanya.’ Umar
ra. Berkata, tampaknya engkau ingin agar saya menikmati semua jenis kenikmatan
hidup didunia ini .</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usman bin Affan adalah seorang
hartawan yang dermawan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> telah memberikan sebagian dari hartanya untuk kepentingan
agama. Bila ia berada di rumah, tak pernah lepas Al-Qur’an dari tangannya.
Beliau kerap kali mentilawahkan Al-Qur’an dan memahami kandungannya sampai
larut malam.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Usman
bin Affan yang menjadi teladan para sufi dalam banyak hal. Usman adalah seorang
yang zuhud, tawaduk (merendahkan diri dihadapan Allah SWT), banyak mengingat
Allah SWT, banyak membaca ayat-ayat Allah SWT, dan memiliki akhlak yang
terpuji. Diriwayatkan ketika menghadapi Perang Tabuk, sementara kaum muslimin
sedang menghadapi paceklik, Usman memberikan bantuan yang besar berupa
kendaraan dan perbekalan tentara.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diriwayatkan
pula, Usman telah membeli sebuah telaga milik seorang Yahudi untuk kaum
muslimin. Hal ini dilakukan karena air telaga tersebut tidak boleh diambil oleh
kaum muslimin.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimasa
pemerintahan Abu Bakar terjadi kemarau panjang. Banyak rakyat yang mengadu
kepada khalifah dengan menerangkan kesulitan hidup mereka. Seandainya rakyat
tidak segera dibantu, kelaparan akan banyak merenggut nyawa. Pada saat paceklik
ini Usman menyumbangkan bahan makanan sebanyak seribu ekor unta.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ali
bin Abi Thalib termasyhur dengan tawadlu’nya, beliau tidak malu memakai pakaian
yang bertambal-tambal, bahkan ia sendiri pulalah menambalnya. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ali
bin Abi Talib yang tidak kurang pula keteladanannya dalam dunia kerohanian. Ia
mendapat tempat khusus di kalangan para sufi. Bagi mereka Ali merupakan guru
kerohanian yang utama.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abu
Ali ar-Ruzbari , seorang tokoh sufi, mengatakan bahwa Ali dianugerahi Ilmu
Laduni. Ilmu itu, sebelumnya, secara khusus diberikan Allah SWT kepada Nabi
Khaidir AS, seperti firmannya yang artinya:…”dan telah Kami ajarkan padanya
ilmu dari sisi Kami.” (QS.Al Kahfi:65).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sejarah
Perkembangan </span></b><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tashawwuf </span></b><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Berbicara masalah sejarah
tashawwuf sesungguhnya sama dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan islam itu
sendiri, bahwa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">engenali sejarah tasawuf sama saja dengan memahami
potongan-potongan sejarah Islam dan para pemeluknya, terutama pada masa Nabi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ebab, secara faktual</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tasawuf mempunyai kaitan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">erat dengan prosesi ritual ibadah yang dilaksanakan oleh para Sahabat di
bawah bimbingan Nabi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf merupakan salah satu aspek (esoteris) Islam,
sebagai perwujudan dari ihsan yang berarti kesadaran adanya komunikasi dan
dialog langsung seorang hamba dengan tuhan-Nya. Esensi tasawuf sebenarnya telah
ada sejak masa kehidupan rasulullah saw, belum dikenal istilah tasawuf</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">namun tasawuf sebagai ilmu keislaman adalah hasil
kebudayaan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">slam sebagaimana ilmu keislaman lainnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">seperti fiqih dan ilmu tauhid. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">stilah tasawuf baru </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">muncul</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> pada pertengahan abad III Hijriyyah oleh abu
Hasyimal-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ufi (w. 250 H.) dengan meletakkan al-Sufi dibelakang
namanya. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam sejarah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">slam sebelum timbulnya aliran tasawuf, terlebih dahulu
muncul aliran <i>zuhud</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pada akhir abad I </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan permulaan abad II H. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara
etimologis, <i>zuhud</i> arti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">nya, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak tertarik terhadap sesuatu dan meninggalkannya. <i>Zahada fi al-dunya</i>, berarti mengosongkan diri dari kesenangan dunia
untuk ibadah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut
Harun Nasution, station terpenting bagi seorang calon sufi ialah <i>zuh</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">u</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> yaitu
keadaan meninggalkan dunia dan hidup kematerian. Sebelum menjadi sufi, seorang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">harus
terlebih dahulu menjadi <i>zahid</i>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> sesudahnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> barulah ia meningkat menjadi sufi. Dengan demikian
tiap sufi ialah <i>zahid</i>, tetapi tidak
setiap <i>zahid</i> merupakan sufi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apabila
tasawuf diartikan adanya kesadaran dan komunikasi langsung antara manusia
dengan Tuhan sebagai perwujudan <i>ihsan</i>,
maka <i>zuhud</i> merupakan suatu station (<i>maqam</i>) menuju tercapainya “perjumpaan”
atau <i>ma’rifat</i> kepada-Nya. Dalam
posisi ini menurut A. Mukti Ali, <i>zuhud </i> berarti menghindar dari berkehendak terhadap
hal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hal yang bersifat duniawi. Berkaitan
dengan ini al-Hakim Hasan menjelaskan bahwa <i>zuhud
</i> adalah “berpaling dari dunia dan
menghadapkan diri untuk beribadah melatih dan mendidik jiwa, dan memerangi
kesenangannya dengan semedi (<i>khalwat</i>),
berkelana, puasa, mengurangi makan dan memperbanyak dzikir”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keadaan seperti ini telah
dicontohkan oleh Nabi dan para sahabatnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <i> </i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagi Abu
Wafa al-Taftazani, <i>zuhud </i>itu bukanlah
kependetaan atau terputusnya kehidupan duniawi, akan tetapi merupakan hikmah
pemahaman yang membuat seseorang memiliki pandangan khusus terhadap kehidupan
duniawi itu. Mereka tetap bekerja dan berusaha, akan tetapi kehidupan duniawi
itu tidak menguasai kecenderungan kalbunya dan tidak membuat mereka mengingkari
Tuhannya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lebih lanjut
at-Taftazani menjelaskan bahwa <i>zuhud</i>
adalah tidak bersyaratkan kemiskinan. Bahkan terkadang seorang itu kaya, tapi
disaat yang sama diapun <i>zahid</i>. Ustman
bin Affan dan Abdurrahman ibn Auf adalah para hartawan, tapi keduanya adalah
para <i>zahid</i> dengan harta yang mereka
miliki.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zuhud
menurut Nabi serta para sahabatnya, tidak berarti berpaling secara penuh dari
hal-hal duniawi. Tetapi berarti sikap moderat atau jalan tengah dalam
menghadapi segala sesuatu, sebagaimana diisyaratkan firman – firman Allah yang
berikut : ”Dan begitulah Kami jadikan kamu (umat Islam) umat yang adil serta
pilihan” </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">QS.
Al-Baqarah, 2:143</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">) ;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Dan
carilah apa yang dianugerahkan Allah kepadamu dari (kebahagiaan) negeri akhirat
dan janganlah kamu melupakan bagianmu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">QS.
Al-Qashash, 28:77</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sementara dalam hadits
disabdakan : “Bekerjalah untuk duniamu seakan kamu akan hidup selamanya, dan
bekerjalah untuk akhiratmu seakan kamu akan mati esok hari”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Zuhud</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> merupakan
salah satu <i>maqam</i> yang sangat penting
dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tasawuf. Hal
ini dapat dilihat dari pendapat ulama tasawuf yang senantiasa mencantumkan <i>zuhud</i> dalam pembahasan tentang <i>maqamat</i>,meskipun dengan sistematika yang
berbeda – beda</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">al-Qusyairi
menempatkan <i>zuhud</i> dalam urutan maqam
:<i> al-taubah,al-wara’,al-zuhud, al-tawakkul
dan al-ridla</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Para
peneliti baik dari kalangan orientalis maupun Islam sendiri saling berbeda pendapat tentang
faktor yang mempengaruhi <i>zuhud</i>.
Nicholson dan Ignaz Goldziher menganggap <i>zuhud</i>
muncul dikarenakan dua faktor utama,yaitu : Islam itu sendiri dan kependetaan
Nasrani, sekalipun keduanya berbeda pendapat tentang sejauhmana dampak faktor
yang terakhir</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harun
Nasution mencatat ada lima pendapat tentang asal – usul <i>zuhud</i>. Pertama, dipengaruhi oleh cara hidup rahib-rahib Kristen.
Kedua, dipengaruhi oleh Phytagoras yang
megharuskan meninggalkan kehidupan materi dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">rangka
membersihkan roh. Ajaran meninggalkan dunia dan berkontemplasi inilah yang
mempengaruhi timbulnya <i>zuhud</i> dan
sufisme dalam Islam. Ketiga, dipengaruhi oleh ajaran Plotinus yang menyatakan
bahwadalam rangka penyucian roh yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">telah kotor,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sehingga
bisa menyatu dengan Tuhan harus meninggalkan dunia. Keempat, pengaruh Budha
dengan faham nirwananya bahwa untukmencapainya orang harus meninggalkan dunia
dan memasuki hidup kontemplasi. Kelima, pengaruh ajaran Hindu yang juga
mendorong manusia meninggalkan dunia dan mendekatkandiri kepada Tuhan untuk
mencapai persatuan Atman dengan Brahman</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah
periode sahabat berlalu, muncul pula periode tabiin (sekitar abad ke I dan ke
II H). Pada masa itu kondisi sosial-politik sudah mulai berubah darimasa
sebelumnya. Konflik –konflik sosial politik yang bermula dari masa Usman bin
Affan berkepanjangan sampai masa – masa sesudahnya.Konflik politik tersebut
ternyata mempunyai dampak terhadap kehidupan beragama, yakni munculnya kelompok
kelompok Bani Umayyah,Syiah, Khawarij, dan Murjiah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada masa
kekuasaan Bani Umayyah, kehidupan politik berubah total. Dengan sistem
pemerintahan monarki, khalifah – khalifah BaniUmayyah secara bebas berbuat
kezaliman – kezaliman, terutama terhadap kelompok Syiah, yakni kelompok lawan
politiknya yang paling gencar menentangnya.Puncak kekejaman mereka terlihat
jelas pada peristiwa terbunuhnya Husein bin Alibin Abi Thalib di Karbala. Kasus
pembunuhan itu ternyata mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam masyarakat Islam
ketika itu. Kekejaman Bani Umayyah yang tak henti – hentinya itu membuat
sekelompok penduduk Kufah merasa menyesal karena mereka telah mengkhianati
Husein dan memberikan dukungan kepada pihak yang melawan Husein. Mereka
menyebut kelompoknya itu dengan <i>Tawwabun</i>
(kaum Tawabin). Untuk membersihkan diri dari apa yang telah dilakukan, mereka
mengisi kehidupan sepenuhnya dengan beribadah. Gerakan kaumTawabin itu dipimpin
oleh Mukhtar bin Ubaid as-Saqafi</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Disamping
gejolak politik yang berkepanjangan, perubahan kondisi sosialpun terjadi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ini mempunyai
pengaruh yang besar dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pertumbuhan
kehidupan beragama masyarakat Islam. Pada masa Rasulullah SAW dan para
sahabat,secara umum kaum muslimin hidup dalam keadaan sederhana.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bani</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Umayyah
memegang tampuk kekuasaan,hidup mewah mulai meracuni masyarakat, terutama
terjadi di kalangan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">istana.Mu’awiyah
bin Abi Sufyan sebagai khalifah tampak semakin jauh dari tradisi kehidupan Nabi
SAW serta sahabat utama dan semakin dekat dengan tradisi kehidupan raja – raja
Romawi. Kemudian anaknya,Yazid (memerintah 61 H/680 M – 64 H/683M),
dikenalsebagai seorang pemabuk. Dalam sejarah, Yazid dikenal sebagai seorang
pemabuk. Dalam situasi demikian kaum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">muslimin
yang saleh merasa berkewajiban menyerukan kepada masyarakat untuk hidup <i>zuhud</i>, sederhana, saleh,dan tidak
tenggelam dalam buaian hawa nafsu. Diantara para penyeru tersebut ialah Abu
Dzar al-Ghiffari. Dia melancarkan kritik tajam kepada Bani Umayyah yang sedang
tenggelam dalam kemewahan dan menyerukan agar diterapkan keadilan sosial dalam
Islam.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sejak saat
itu kehidupan <i>zuhud</i> menyebar luas
dikalangan masyarakat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">(I dan II
H), sehingga muncul </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berbagai aliran yaitu :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo36; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran
Madinah</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ejak masa
yang dini,di Madinah telah muncul para <i>zahid</i>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mereka kuat
berpegang teguh kepada al-Qur’an dan al-sunnah, dan mereka menetapkan
Rasulullah sebagai panutan ke<i>zuhud</i>annya.
Diantara mereka dari kalangan sahabat adalah Abu Ubaidah al-jarrah (w.18</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">) </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">zuhud</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> aliran ini
tetap bercorak murni Islam dan konsisten pada ajaran –ajaran Islam.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo36; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran
Bashrah</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mereka
adalah penganut aliran ahlus sunnah, tapi cenderung pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aliran
mu’tazilah dan qadariyah. Tokoh mereka dalam <i>zuhud</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">adalah Hasan
al-Bashri, Malik ibn Dinar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Corak yang
menonjol dari para <i>zahid</i> Bashrah
ialah <i>zuhud</i> dan rasa takut yang
berlebih –lebihan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran Kufah</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berasal dari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yaman.Aliran
ini bercorak idealistis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam aqidah
mereka cenderung pada aliran Syi’ah dan Rajaiyyah.dan ini tidak aneh, sebab
aliran Syi’ah pertama kali muncul di Kufah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Para tokoh <i>zahid</i> Kufah pada abad pertama Hijriyah
ialah ar-Rabi’ ibn Khatsim (w. 67 H.) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>IV.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran Mesir</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada abad –
abad pertama dan kedua Hijriyah terdapat suatu aliran <i>zuhud</i> lain, yang dilupakan para orientalis, dan aliran ini
tampaknya bercorak <i>salafi</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagaimana diketahui, sejak penaklukan Islam terhadap
Mesir, sejumlah para sahabat telah memasuki kawasan itu,misalnya Amru ibn
al-Ash, Abdullah ibn Amru ibn al-Ash yang terkenal ke<i>zuhud</i>annya, al-Zubair bin Awwam dan Miqdad ibn al-Aswad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Suatu
kenyataan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kelahiran tasawuf bermula dari
gerakan <i>zuhud</i> dalam Islam.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Istilah
tasawuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">muncul pada
pertengahan abad III Hijriyyah oleh Abu Hasyim al-Kufy (w.250 H.) dengan
meletakkan al-sufy di belakang namanya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika pada
akhir abad II ajaran sufi berupa ke<i>zuhud</i>an,
maka abad </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">III H, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">orang sudah
ramai membicarakan tentang lenyap dalam kecintaan (<i>fana fi mahbub</i>), bersatu dalam kecintaan (<i>ittihad</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">fi mahbub</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">), bertemu
dengan Tuhan (<i>liqa’</i>)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menjadi satu
dengan Tuhan (<i>‘ain al jama’</i>)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ejak itu
muncul karya –karya tentang tasawuf oleh para sufi pada masa itu seperti
al-muhasibi (w. 243 H.), al-Hakim al-Tirmidzi (w. 285 H.), dan al-Junaidi (w.
297 H.)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karena itu abad
II</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat
dikatakan sebagai abad mula tersusunnya ilmu tasawuf.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tahap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> pertama </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf (Abad III dan IV H), wacana tentang zuhud mulai digantikan oleh
tasawuf. Ajaran para sufi ini pun tidak lagi terbatas pada promosi gaya hidup
zuhud belaka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam tahap ini mulai memperkenalkan disiplin dan
metode tasawuf, termasuk konsep-konsep dan terminologi baru yang sebelumnya tidak
dikenal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">maqâm, <u>h</u>âl, ma‘rifah, tau<u>h</u>îd </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(dalam maknanya yang khas tasawuf)<i>, fanâ’, <u>h</u>ulûl</i>,
dan lain-lain. Tokoh-tokohnya termasuk Ma‘ruf Al-Karkhi (w. 200 H), Abu
Sulaiman Al-Darani (w. 254 H), Dzul Nun Al-Mishri (w. 245 H), dan Junaid
Al-Baghdadi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada masa itu juga muncul karya-karya tulis yang
membahas tasawuf secara teoretis ini, termasuk karya-karya Al-Harits ibn Asad
Al-Muhasibi (w. 243 H), Abu Said Al-Kharraz (w. 279 H), Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidzi
(w. 285 H), dan Junaid Al-Baghdadi (w. 297 H).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masih di masa ini mulai muncul para sufi yang belakangan dikenal
mempromosikan tasawuf yang berorientasi “kemabukan” (<i>sukr</i>) antara lain Al-Hallaj dan Ba Yazid
Al-Busthami. Di antara ciri tasawuf mereka adalah lontaran-lontaran ungkapan
ganjil yang seringkali susah dipahami dan terkesan melanggar keyakinan umum
kaum Muslim (<i>syatha<u>h</u>ât </i>atau<i> syath<u>h</u>iyât</i>), semisal
“Akulah Sang Kebenaran” (<i>Anâ Al-<u>H</u>aqq</i>) atau “Tak ada apa pun dalam
jubah—yang dipakai oleh Busthami—selain Allah” (<i>mâ fil-jubbah illâ Allâh</i>),
dan sebagainya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tahap Tasawuf Falsafi (Abad VI H),</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">merupakan perpaduan antara pencapaian pencerahan
mistikal dan pemaparan secara rasional-filosofis. Ibn ‘Arabî adalah tokoh utama
aliran ini, di samping juga Al-Qunawi, muridnya. Sebagian ahli memasukkan
Al-Hallaj dan Abu (Ba) Yazid Al-Busthami juga ke dalam kelompok ini. Aliran ini
kadang disebut juga dengan <i>‘Irfân </i>(Gnostisisme) karena orientasinya
pada pengetahuan (<i>ma‘rifah</i> atau <i>gnosis</i>) tentang Tuhan dan hakikat
segala sesuatu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tahap Tarekat (Abad VII H dan seterusnya)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meskipun tarekat telah dikenal sejak jauh sebelumnya,
seperti Tarekat Junaidiyyah yang bersumber pada ajaran Abu Al-Qasim Al-Junaid Al-Baghdadi (w. 297 H)
atau Nuriyyah<i> </i>yang didirikan oleh Abu Hasan ibn Muhammad Nuri (w. 295
H), baru pada masa-masa inilah tarekat berkembang dengan pesat. Termasuk di
antaranya: Tarekat Qadiriyyah<i> </i>yang bersumber pada ajaran Abdul Qadir
Al-Jilani (w. 561 H) dari Jilan (termasuk wilayah Iran sekarang), Tarekat
Rifa‘iyyah<i> </i>yang didirikan oleh Ahmad Rifai (w. 578 H), dan Tarekat
Suhrawardiyyah yang didirikan oleh Abu Najib Al-Suhrawardi (w. 563 H). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
III</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KERANGKA
DASAR PEMIKIRAN </span></b><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&ved=0CD8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fml.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F34870633%2FPemikiran-Tasawuf-Imam-Ghozali&ei=ALvxUNTBMIrRlAWpkoCYDw&usg=AFQjCNHf5e86vmnVV2SwIWT4ydIZnmOB3A&sig2=Qm8baqs1vdPxHoZ_YIoITw&bvm=bv.1357700187,d.dGI"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">TAS</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">H</span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">AW</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">W</span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">UF </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">IMAM AL-GHAZALI</span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></a><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&ved=0CD8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fml.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F34870633%2FPemikiran-Tasawuf-Imam-Ghozali&ei=ALvxUNTBMIrRlAWpkoCYDw&usg=AFQjCNHf5e86vmnVV2SwIWT4ydIZnmOB3A&sig2=Qm8baqs1vdPxHoZ_YIoITw&bvm=bv.1357700187,d.dGI"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Riwayat
Hidup Imam Al-Ghazali<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Muhammad bin
Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad Ath Thusi, Abu Hamid Al Ghazali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Imam Al</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ghazali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">di dunia barat dikenal dengan
sebutan Al-Gazel,</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> lahir pada tanggal
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">17
Jumadil Awal tahun 450 H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ijriah
(1058 Masehi) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">di</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kota </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Thus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">i (Iran),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memiliki
seorang saudara yang bernama Ahmad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> seorang ahli sains sekaligus </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ulama’ besar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">tokoh
tashawwuf </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">terkemuka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">yang sangat
terkenal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, yang berhasil </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">menyusun gagasan
tashawwuf yang menciptakan kompromi antara syari’at dan hakikat atau tashawwuf
menjadi bangunan baru yang cukup memuaskan kedua belah pihak, baik dari
kalangan <i>syar’I</i> ataupun lebih-lebih kalangan <i>sufi</i>, dengan karya
besarnya yang amat terkenal, kitab, “<i>Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin”.</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ayah beliau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">seorang
fakir yang shalih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pengrajin
kain shuf (kulit domba)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, selalu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berkeliling
mengujungi ahli fikih dan majelis ceramah nasihat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> bermajelis
dengan mereka, serta memberikan nafkah semampunya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan selalu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berdoa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">diberi anak
yang faqih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ahli dalam ceramah
nasihat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Allah
mengabulkan kedua doa beliau tersebut. Imam Al Ghazali menjadi seorang yang
faqih dan saudaranya (Ahmad) menjadi seorang yang ahli dalam memberi ceramah
nasihat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menjelang
wafat dia mewasiatkan pemeliharaan kedua anaknya kepada temannya dari kalangan
orang yang baik. Dia berpesan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Sungguh
saya menyesal tidak belajar khat (tulis menulis Arab) dan saya ingin
memperbaiki apa yang telah saya alami pada kedua anak saya ini. Maka saya mohon
engkau mengajarinya, dan harta yang saya tinggalkan boleh dihabiskan untuk
keduanya.”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ayahnya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">meninggal,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">temannya tersebut mengajari keduanya
ilmu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">se</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hingga habis harta peninggalan yang sedikit tersebut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, Ia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> dan adiknya
disarankan belajar pada sebuah madrasah, sekaligus untuk menyambung hidup
mereka (465 H). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Imam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ghazali</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">belajar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">fikih dari
Syaikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Ar Radzakani di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Thusi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">emudian </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pergi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ke Jurjan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">belajar</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kepada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Imam Abu Nashr Al Isma’ili dan menulis buku <i>At Ta’liqat</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, selanjutnya pergi ke</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> kota Naisabur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berguru pada
Imam Haramain Al Juwaini</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, se</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hingga
berhasil menguasai dengan sangat baik fikih mazhab Syafi’i dan fikih khilaf,
ilmu perdebatan, ushul, manthiq, hikmah dan filsafat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang membuat
kagum guru</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">nya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al Juwaini</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah Al
Juwaini</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">meninggal,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">ia </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pergi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ke perkemahan Wazir Nidzamul Malik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tempat berkumpul
para ahli ilmu, menantang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">debat para
ulama dan mengalahkan mereka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, hingga </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nidzamul
Malik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengangkatnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">jadi
pengajar di Madrasah Nidzamiyah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Baghdad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">484 H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">), d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">isinilah
beliau berkembang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">encapai
kedudukan yang sangat tinggi dan menjadi terkenal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">Namun k</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">edudukan dan ketinggian jabatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak membuatnya
congkak dan cinta dunia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam
jiwanya berkecamuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">perang bat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">in</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang
membuatnya senang menekuni ilmu-ilmu kezuhudan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, la </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengangkat saudaranya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahmad
sebagai penggantinya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, lalu meninggalkan Bagdad, kemudian pergi naik haji
ke tanah suci Mekah (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">488 H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ahun 489 H beliau masuk kota
Damaskus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menziarahi
Baitul Maqdis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kemudian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kembali ke Damaskus beri’tikaf di menara barat masjid Jami’ Damaskus.
Beliau banyak duduk di pojok tempat Syaikh Nashr bin Ibrahim Al Maqdisi di
masjid Jami’ Umawi (yang sekarang dinamai Al Ghazaliyah)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">inggal di
sana dan menulis kitab <i>Ihya Ulumuddin, Al Arba’in, Al Qisthas</i> dan kitab <i>Mahakkun
Nadzar</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, m</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">elatih jiwa
dan mengenakan pakaian para ahli ibadah. Beliau tinggal di Syam sekitar 10
tahun</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[32]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Wazir Fakhrul Mulk menjadi penguasa
Khurasan, beliau diminta tinggal di Naisabur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> untuk </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengajar di madrasah An Nidzamiyah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">beberapa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tahun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">kemudian </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pulang ke negerinya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mendirikan
satu madrasah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan asrama untuk orang-orang shufi di
samping rumahnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada masa akhir hidupnya Imam Al-Ghazali meng</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">habiskan
waktunya mengajar para penuntut ilmu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, beribadah,
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mengkhatam
Al</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Qur’an, berkumpul dengan ahli
ibadah, kembali mempelajari hadits</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sampai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">meninggal
dunia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berkata Imam
Adz Dzahabi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Pada akhir
kehidupannya, beliau tekun menuntut </span></i><a href="http://muslim.or.id/tag/ilmu"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><a href="http://muslim.or.id/tag/hadits"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hadits</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan berkumpul dengan ahlinya serta
menelaah shahihain (Shahih Bukhari dan Muslim). Seandainya beliau berumur
panjang, niscaya dapat menguasai semuanya dalam waktu singkat. Beliau belum
sempat meriwayatkan </span></i><a href="http://muslim.or.id/hadits"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hadits</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dan tidak
memiliki keturunan kecuali beberapa orang putri.”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Abul Faraj
Ibnul Jauzi menyampaikan kisah meninggalnya beliau dalam kitab Ats Tsabat Indal
Mamat, menukil cerita Ahmad (saudaranya)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">; Pada subuh
hari Senin, saudaraku Abu Hamid berwudhu dan </span><a href="http://muslim.or.id/tag/shalat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">shalat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, lalu berkata, <i>“Bawa kemari kain kafan saya</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">alu beliau
mengambil dan menciumnya serta meletakkannya di kedua matanya, dan berkata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Saya patuh dan taat untuk menemui Malaikat Maut.”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Kemudian
beliau meluruskan kakinya dan menghadap kiblat. Beliau meninggal sebelum langit
menguning (menjelang pagi hari).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beliau wafat
di kota Thusi, hari Senin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">14 Jumada
Akhir tahun 505 H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dikuburkan
di pekuburan Ath Thabaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pemikiran </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tas</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">wuf</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US">Imam </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Al-Ghazali</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sebagai tokoh sufi, Imam
Al-Ghazali dikenal sebagai seorang ulama usul fiqh dengan karyanya <i>al-mustashfa</i>,
juga sebagai tokoh filsafat dengan karyanya <i>Tahafut al-Falasifah</i> yang
mengkritik konsep berfikir para filosof saat itu. Ia menganggap ajaran
pemikiran filsafat para filosof telah melewati batas, sehingga menimbulkan
kehawatiran mendalam dalam dirinya akan rusaknya akidah kaum filsafat, karena
itu beliau berinisiatif untuk meluruskan pemikiran filsafat dengan </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">menggagas kaedah-kaedah tasawuf</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sebagai
jembatan guna mendamaikan syari’at dengan tasawuf yang sempat mengalami clash
pada zaman itu, yang berhasil terkumpul dalam</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"> karya terbesarnya yang terkenal,”<b><i>Ihya’ U’lum al-Din</i></b>” <b>(The
Revival of Religion Sciences).</b> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali, tema
ilmu sufi adalah <i>Dzat, sifat dan
perbuatan</i> <i>Allah</i>, buah dari
pengetahuan tentang Allah adalah timbulnya sikap mencintai Allah, karena cinta
tidak akan muncul tanpa “pengetahuan” dan perkenalan. Buah lain dari
pengetahuan tentang Allah adalah “tenggelam dalam samudra Tauhid”, karena
seorang ‘arif tidak melihat apa-apa selain Allah, tidak kenal selain Dia,
di dalam wujud ini tiada lain kecuali Allah dan perbuatan-Nya. Tidak ada
perbuatan yang dapat dilihat manusia kecuali itu adalah perbuatan Allah. Setiap
alam adalah ciptaan-Nya. Barang siapa melihat sesuatu sebagai hasil perbuatan
Allah, maka ia tidak melihat kecuali dalam Allah, ia tidak menjadi arif kecuali
demi Allah, tidak mencintai kecuali Allah. Kata beliau; “<i>Mereka melatih hati, hingga Allah memperkenankan melihatNya.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para sufi banyak berbicara tentang <i>kasyf</i> dan <i>mu’ayanah</i>,
mampu berhubungan dengan alam malakut dan belajar darinya secara langsung,
mampu mengetahui lauhul-mahfuzh dan rahasia-rahasia yang dikandungnya, namun bagaimanakah
caranya agar manusia mampu mendapatkan kasyf dan mu’ayanah? Para sufi menjawab,
caranya dengan menuntut ilmu dan mengamalkannya. Al-Ghazali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mengatakan ; “<i>Aku tahu bahwa
tarekat mereka menjadi sempurna dengan ilmu dan amal</i>”</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn7"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jalan pertama</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yaitu<b><i> </i></b>Ilmu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Imam Al-Ghazli
mulai mendapatkan ilmu kaum sufi dari kitab <i>Qut Al-Qulub Mu’amalah Al-Mahbub</i>
karya <i>Abu Thalib Al-Makki</i> dan kitab <i>Ar-Ri’ayah li Huquq Allah</i>
karya <i>Harits Al-Muhasibi</i>, serta ucapan-ucapan pucuk pimpinan sufi
semisal <i>Al-Junaidi, As-Syibli, Al-Busthami,</i> dan lain-lain. Katanya ; “<i>Mendapatkan
ilmu Tasawuf bagiku lebih mudah dari pada mengamalkannya. Aku mulai mempelajari
ilmu kaum sufi dengan menelaah kitab-kitab dan ucapan-ucapan guru-guru mereka.
Aku mendapatkan ilmu dengan cara mendengar dan belajar. Nampaklah bagiku bahwa
keistimewaan guru besar sufi tidak mungkin digapai dengan cara belajar, tetapi
dengan cara dzauq, hal, dan memperbaiki sifat diri.”</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jalan kedua</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yaitu
dengan cara <i>Tahalli</i> (menghias diri dengan sifat-sifat utama), <i>Tkhalli
</i>(membersihkan diri dari sifat-sifat yang rendah dan tercela) agar manusia
dapat memberesihkan hati dari pikiran selain Allah dan menghias hati dengan
berzikir kepadaNya. Katanya ; “<i>Adapun manfaat yang dicapai dari ilmu sufi
adalah terbuangnya aral yang merintangi jiwa, mensucikan diri dari akhlaknya
yang tercela dan sifatnya yang kotor, hingga dengan jiwa yang telah bersih itu
hati menjadi kosong dari selain Allah dan dihiasi dengan dzikir kepada Allah.”</i></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn8"></a> <a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam <i>Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin</i>, ia menulis ; “<i>Bagi hati, ada dan
tiadanya sesuatu adalah sama. Lantas, bagaimanakah hati meninggalkan semua
urusan Dunia? Demi Allah, ini adalah jalan yang sangat sukar, jarang sekali ada manusai yang sanggup
melakukannya”</i></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn9"></a> <a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Imam
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Ghazali di kenal sebagai orang yang haus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ilmu pengetahuan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berusaha keras</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">agar dapat
mencapai suatu keyakinan dan mengetahui</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hakikat
segala sesuatu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">elalu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bersikap
kritis dan kadang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak percaya terhadap adanya kebenaran semua
macam pengetahuan, kecuali yang bersifat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">inderawi
dan pengetahuan hakikat (oxioma atau sangat mendasar). Namun pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kedua pengetahuan inipun ia akhirnya tidak percaya
(skeptis). Hal ini ia ungkap</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">an</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> kitab Al Mungidz</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">: </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sikap skeptis yang menimpa diriku dan yang</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">berlangsung lama telah berakhir dengan suatu keadaan, dimana diriku tidak mempercayai
kepada pengetahuan inderawi, bahkan keraguan-keraguan ini semakin</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mendalam</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, b</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">agaimana</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pengetahuan inderawi itu bisa diterima</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> s</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">eperti
misalnya penglihatan sebagai inderawi.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cukup lama Al-Ghazali berada dalam situasi tarik menarik antara dorongan
hawa nafsu dan panggilan akhirat, hingga akhirnya membuat hatinya sedih dan
kondisi fisiknya lemah, sampai-sampai dokter putus asa mengobatinya. Para
dokter mengatakan ; “<i>Penyakitnya bersumber dari hati dan merembet ke
tubuhnya. Penyakitnya tidak bisa diobati kecuali mengistirahatkan pikiran dari
factor-faktor yang membuatnya sakit”</i></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn10"></a> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Disaat menyadari ketidak
mampuan dan semua upaya telah gagal, akupun mau tak mau harus kembali pada
Allah dalam keadaan yang terpaksa dan tidak mempunyai pilihan lagi. Allah menjawab doa yang terpaksa jika berdoa mengabulkan
niatku, hinngga kini terasa mudah bagiku meninggalkan pangkat, harta, anak, dan
teman.” </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah Al-Ghazali melihat bahwa ahli ilmu kalam, filosof dan kaum batiniyah
tidak mampu mengantarkannya mencapai keyakinannya dan hakikat, maka dia melirik
tasawuf, menurut pandangannya adalah harapan terakhir yang bisa memberikannya
kebahagiaan dan keyekinan. Ia mengatakan ; “<i>setelah aku mempelajari
ilmu-ilmu ini (kalam, filsafat, dan ajaran bathiniyah), aku mulai menempuh
jalan para sufi.</i>”</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn6"></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemikiran </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">wuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Imam </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">l-Gh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">zali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> bercorak </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">wuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US">Islam </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sunni yang didirikan diatas pilar Al-Qur’an dan
As-Sunnah. Ia berusaha mengembalikan tema-tema tentang Akhlaq, Suluk, atau Hal
pada sumber Islam, beliau mengatakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“<i>Saya tahu benar bahwa para Sufi adalah para</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencari jalan Allah, dan bahwa
mereka melakukan yang</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terbaik,
dan jalan mereka adalah jalan terbaik</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akhlak</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mereka paling suci.</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mereka membersihkan hati</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mereka dari selain Allah dan mereka
menjadikan mereka</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sebagai
jalan bagi sungai untuk mengalirnya kehadiran</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilahi</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Corak
tasawuf Imam Al-Ghazali lebih ditekankan
pada adab dan tata krama., beliau berkata:<i>Adab
adalah pendidikan dhohir dan bathin, oleh karenanya apabila seorang hamba</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">telah berbuat baik secara dhohir
dan bathin maka ia telah menjadi sufi yang beradab. Barang siapa selalu
berperilaku sesuai dengan Sunah maka</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akan</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menerangi hatinya dengan cahaya
kemarifatan karena tidak ada kedudukan yang</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lebih
mulia dari mengikuti Nabi Muhammad yang dicintai Allah dalam
perintah, perbuatan, dan ahlaknya, baik dalam niat, ucapan maupun
perbuatan.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam
Al - Ghazali menghimpun akidah, syariat
dan akhlak dalam suatu sistematika yang kuat dan amat berbobot, karena itu teori
- teori tashawwufnya lahir dari kajian
dan pengalaman pribadi setelah melaksanakan suluk dalam riyadhah dan mujahadah
yang intensif dan berkesinambungan, dalam pandangannya, Ilmu Tasawuf mengandung
2 bagian penting, pertama menyangkut ilmu mu'amalah dan bagian kedua
menyangkut ilmu mukasyafah,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menurutnya, perjalanan tashawwuf
hakekatnya adalah pembersihan diri dan pembeningan hati terus menerus sehingga
mampu mencapai musyahadah, ia menekankan pentingnya pelatihan jiwa, penempatan
moral atau akhlak yang terpuji baik disisi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.7pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia
maupun Tuhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.7pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ajaran tashawwuf psikomoral) yang mengutamakan
pendidikan moral, dapat di lihat dalam karya-karyanya seperti ; Ihya’ullum,
Al-Din, Minhaj Al-‘Abidin, Mizan Al-Amal, Bidayah Al Hidayah, M’raj Al Salikin,
Ayyuhal Wlad. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Satu hal mencolok yang
dilakukan Imam Al-Ghazali pada tasawuf adalah upayanya dalam mengalihkan
tema-tema Dzauq (rasa), Tahliq (terbang), Syathahat, dan Tahwil menjadi
nilai-nilai yang praktis. Ia mengobati hati dan bahaya jiwa, lalu mensucikannya
dengan akhlaq yang mulia. Upaya ini nampak jelas terlihat dalam kitab
Al-Ihya’-nya. Ia bebicara tentang akhlaq yang mencelakakan(al-Muhlikat) dan
akhlaq yang menyelamatkan (al-Munjiyat). Al-Muhlikat adalah setiap akhlaq yang
tercela (madzmum) yang dilarang al-Qur’an. Jiwa harus dibersihkan dari akhlaq
yang tercela ini. Al-Munjiyat adalah akhlaq yang terpuji (mahmud), sifat yang
disukai dan sifatnya orang-orang muqarrabin dan shiddiqin, dan menjadi alat
bagi hamba untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan semesta alam.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn18"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika beragam kecenderungan berfikir, baik yang bernuansa agama maupun
rasio, berbenturan dan beradu argumentasi, Imam Al-Ghazali merasakan dirinya
berhadapan dengan samudera luas, dengan gulungan ombak yang sangat dahsyat dan
dalam, ia tidak memposisikan dirinya sebagai “<i>penggembira</i>” yang hanya
ikut-ikutan dalam gelombang dahsyat itu, ia tidak merasa takut terhadap luasnya
samudera, kedalaman dasar samudera dan besarnya gelombang.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn3"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="EN-US">Al-Ghazali merasakan dirinya
di antara mazhab yang terpecah belah, kelompok-kelompok perusak, filsafat asing
dan bid’ah-bid’ah pemikiran, sebagaimana tergambar dalam bait kata-katanya yang
begitu menggugah hati dengan gemuruh semangat dan keberanian ; <i>ketika masih
muda, aku menyelami samudera yang dalam ini. Aku menyelaminya sebagai penyelam
handal dan pemberani, bukan sebagai penyelam penakut dan pengecut. Aku
menyerang setiap kegelapan dan mengatasi semua masalah, menyelami kegoncangan.
Aku teliti aqidah setiap kelompok dan menyingkap rahasia cara pikir setiap
golongan, agar aku bisa membedakan antara kelompok yang memperjuangkan
kebenaran dan kelompok yang memperjuangkan kebathilan, agar bisa membedakan
antara pengikut sunnah dan pencipta bid’ah”.</i></span></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn2"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Imam Al-Ghazali berupaya
membersihkan tasawuf dari ajaran-ajaran asing yang merasukinya, agar tasawuf
berjalan di atas koridor Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah. Ia menilai negatif terhadap
syathahat dan sangat menolak paham hulul dan utihad (kesatuan wujud) sebagaimana
yang di propagandakan oleh al-Hallaj dan lainnya., untuk itu ia menyodorkan
paham baru tentang ma’rifat, yakni pendekatan diri kepada Allah (taqarrub ila
Allah) tanpa diikuti penyatuan dengan-Nya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ia menjauhkan semua
kecenderungan genotis yang mempengaruhi para filosuf Islam, sekte Isma'iliyah,
aliran Syi’ah, Ikhwan al-Shofa, paham ketuhanan Aristoteles, seperti emanasi
dan penyatuan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandangan Imam Al-Ghazali Tentang Syari’at<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Imam Al-Ghazali </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">teguh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">memegangi syari’at,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Tashawwuf </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> dilakukan
dengan memegang teguh dan mengamalkan Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah, s</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn19"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ehingga
dalam perilaku dan ucapannya, ia mengatakan
;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“<i>seorang arif sejati mengatakan</i>, “<i>jika
kamu melihat seorang manusia mampu terbang di awang-awang dan mampu berjalan di
atas air, tetapi ia melakukan perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan syari’at, maka
ketahuilah dia itu setan.”</i></span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn20"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dan s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ecara terus terang ia menyatakan ; <i>seseorang yang telah mendapatkan
penyingkapan (kasyf) dan penyaksian (musyahadah) tidak layak mengeluarkan suatu
ucapan yang bertentangan dengan aqidah Islam, yakni aqidah tauhid murni yang
membedakan mana Tuhan dan mana hamba, serta menegaskan bahwa</i> <i>Tuhan adalah Tuhan dan hamba adalah hamba</i>.
Itulah aqidah yang dipegang teguh Al-Ghazali.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn21"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebih jauh, Al-Ghazali menyatakan ; <i>bahwa kebersatuan dengan Tuhan (ittihad)
secara rasional tidak mungkin terjadi.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari susunan
Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Dien tergambar pokok pikiran Al-Ghazali mengenai hubungan
syariat dan hakekat atau tasawuf</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; </span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">S</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ebelum mempelajari dan mengamalkan
tasawuf orang harus memperdalam ilmu tentang syari’at dan aqidah telebih
dahulu. Tidak hanya itu, dia harus konsekuwen menjalankan syari’at dengan tekun
dan sempurna</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. <i>Sesudah menjalankan
syari’at dengan tertib dan penuh pengertian, baru dimulai mempelajari tarekat.
Yaitu tentang mawas diri, pengendalian nafsu-nafsu, dan menjalankan dzikir,
hingga akhirnya berhasil mencapai ilmu kasyfi atau penghayatan ma’rifat.</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Salah satu
tuduhan yang kerap dialamatkan kepada tasawuf adalah bahwa tasawuf mengabaikan
atau tidak mementingkan syari’at. Tuduhan ini berlaku hanya bagi kasus-kasus
tertntu yang biasanya terdapat dalam tasawuf tipe “<i>Keadaan Mabuk</i>”(sur,
intoxication), yang dapat membedakan dari tasawuf tipe “<i>keadaan-tidak-mabuk</i>”(sahw,
sobiety).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Para sufi “<i>yang mabuk</i>”
merasakan keintiman denga Tuhan dan sangat yaqin pada kasih sayangNya,
sedangkan para sufi “<i>yang-tidak-mabuk</i>” dikuasai rasa takut dan hormat
kepada Tuhan dan tetap khawatir terhadap kemurkaanNya. <i>Yang pertama</i> cenderung kurang mementingkan syari’at dan menya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">akan
terang-terangan persatuan denagan Tuhan, sedangkan <i>ya</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">g kedua</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> memelihara
kesopanan (adab) terhadap Tuhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sangat
menekankan pentingnya syari’at. tasawuf tidak dapat dipisahkan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">syri’at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karena
syri’at adalah jalan awal yang harus ditempuh untuk menuju tasawuf.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Al-Futuhat
Al-Makkiyah, Ibn Al-‘Arabi menyatakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ; </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“jika engkau betanya apa itu tasawuf</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">? </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Maka kami
menjawab, tasawuf adalah mengikatkan diri kepada kelakuan-kelakuan baik
menurut syri’at secara lahir dan batin dan itu adalah akhlaq mulia. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ungkapan-ungkapan
kelakuan baik menurut syari’at dalam perkataan Ibn al-‘Arabi ini menunjukkan
bahwa tasawuf harus berpedoman pada syari’at. Menurut sufi ini, syari’at adalah
timbangan dan pemimpin yang harus di ikuti dan diikuti oleh siapa saja yang
mengi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ginkan
keberhasialan tasawuf. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebagaimana
Ibn al’Arabi, Hussen Naser, seorang pemikir dari Iran berulangkali menekankan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bahwa tidak ada tasawwuf tanpa syari’at.</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Is</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">am sebagai
agama s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ngat
menekankan keseimbangan memanifestasikan dirinya dalam kesatuan syari’at (hukum
Tuhan) dan tharikat (jalan spiritual), yang sering disebut sufisme atau
tasawuf. Apabila syari’at adalah dimensi eksoteris Islam, yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ebih banyak
berurusan aspek lahiriyah, maka tharikat adalah dimensi esoteric Islam, yang
lebih banyak berurusan dengan aspek bathiniyah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pentingnya
menjaga ke</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">atuan
syari’at dan tharikat dituntut oleh kenyataan bahwa segala sesuatu di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">alam ini,
termasuk manusia, mempunyai aspek lahi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aiyah dan
bathiniyah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ajaran-ajaran Islam dinamakan
Syari’at Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, yang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mencakup
segenap peraturan-peraturan Allah, yang dibawa/disampaikan oleh Nabi Muhammad,
untuk seluruh manusia, dalam mengatur hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, hubungan
menusia sesamanya dan hubungannya dengan makhluk lain. Dan peraturan itu
berfaedah untuk mensucikan jiwa manusia dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menghiasinya
dengan sifat-sifat yang utama. Inilah pengertian syari’at yang biasa dipakai
oleh para Ulama’ Salaf.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn28"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf
adalah satu cabang dari Syari’at Islam, seperti halnya dengan Tauhid</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(aqidah) dan
fiqih yang merupakan cabang dari Syari’at Islam. Seperti di dalam hadist yang
diriwayatkan dari Umar ra, yang mengisayaratkan tiga unsure dasar syari’at
Islam tentang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">; </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Islam, Iman
dan Ihsan</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn29"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ihsan </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">termasuk
amal hati dalam hubungan dengan ma’bud</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tuhan).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ni tidak
dipelajari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam ilmu kalam dan fiqh,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tetapi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam Tasawuf. Adapun yang berkenaan dengan amal lahir seperti shalat,
puasa, zakat dan haji, itulah yang dipelajari dalam ilmu fiqh, yang menyangkut
soal aqidah dipelajari di dalam ilmu Kalam.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn30"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selain dari
Ihsan, tasawuf juga membahas tentang hub</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ngan manusia
dengan sesamanya yang disebut <i>akhlaq,</i>
seperti halnya dengan fiqh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">selain membahas
tentang rukun Islam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">juga
membahas tentang muamalat maliah, jinayat, munahkat dan qoda’, karena persoalan
ini erat hubungannya dengan mas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">lah pokok
yang disebutkan Nabi di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">atas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Islam,
Iman, Ihsan)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">contoh </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> tentang
penyakit dengki</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(hasad). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dengki
menurut hadist Rasul dapat memakan amal sep</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">rti api
memakan kayu bakar. Dari hadist ini (tentang Islam, Iman, Ihsan)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat
dipahamkan bahwa dengki yang merusak hubungan dengan sesam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> manusia
juga dapat merusak hubungan dengan Tuhan. Karena itu masalah akhlaq yang
tercela dan akhlaq yang terpuji yang tumbuh di dalam hati dapat dipelajari
dalam ilmu Tasawuf. Dengan ini jelas, betapa kedudukan Tasawuf denga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> rangkaian
syari’at Islam.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn31"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf
Islam tidak akan ada kalau tidak ada Tauhid. Tegasnya <i>tiada guna pembersihan hati kalau tidak beriman. </i>Tasawuf Islam
sebenarnya adalah hasil dari aqidah yang murni dan kuat yang seseuai dengan
kehendak Allah dan RasulNya.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn32"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn45" name="_ftnref45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sungguh
sudah banyak penganut Tasawuf yang tergelincir di bidang ini. Banyak para Shufi
yang telah mengaku dirinya Tuhan atau manifestasi Tuhan. Ada pula yang mengaku
bahwa para Nabi lebih rendah derajatnya dari para wali. Ada yang mengi’tikadkan
bahwa ibadat-ibadat yang kita kerjakan tidak sampai kepada Tuhan kalau tidak
dengan merabithahkan guru lebih dahulu. Dan bayak macam-macam I’tiqad yang
sesat yang bersumber dari akal filsafat pemikiran manusia. Oleh sebab itu untuk
mendalami tasawuf Islam terlebih dahulu harus dimata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">gkan
pengertian Tauhid Islam. Amal Tasawuf akan rusak binasa kalau tidak didahului
oleh pengertian tentang Tauhid.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn34"></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Demikianlah
hubungan antara ilmlu Tasawuf dengan ilmu Tauhid (syari’at). Tasawuf tidak aka
nada kalau tidak ada Tauhid dan Tauhid tidak akan tumbuh subur dan berbuah
lebat kalau tidak ada Tasawuf.</b></span></i><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn35"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn46" name="_ftnref46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[46]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></i></span></a><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kemudian soal pendalaman perasaan agama dan pemantapan
iman, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Imam A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">l-Ghazali melihat bahwa
tasawuf adalah sarana yang hebat untuk untuk mendukung bagi pendalaman rasa
agama (spiritualitas Islam) dan untuk memantapkan dan menghidupkan iman. Dengan
ilmu kalam orang baru bisa mengerti tentang pokok-pokok keimanan, namun tidak
bisa menanamkan keyakinan yang mantap dan menghidupkan pengalaman agama. Oleh
karena itulah tasawuflah sarana yang paling hebat untuk mengobati penyakit
formalism dan kekeringan rasa keagamaan ini menurut Al-Ghazali.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn47" name="_ftnref47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yang menjadi masalah kemudian, bagaimana cara
mengawinkan dan mengkompromikan tasawuf dengan syari’at itu? Atau dengan kata
lain bagaimana mengkompromikan syari’at dan hakikat sehingga keduanya tidak
saling menggusur, akan tetapi justru saling mendukung.?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebutuhan ini wajar, karena para sufi sendiri
mengembangkan ajaran mereka adalah untuk menyemarakkan kehidupan agama, dan
bukan untuk merusaknya. Namun bagaimana caranya, itu yang belum bisa di
kemukakan oleh para ulama’ sufi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Imam al-Qusyairi (w, 1074M.) dalam risalahnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">merumuskan harapan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“<i>Syari’at
itu perintah untuk melaksanakan ibadah, sedang hakikat menghayati kebesaran
Tuhan (dalam ibadah). Maka setiap syari’at yang tidak diperkuat dengan hakikat
tidak diterima; dan setiap hakikat yang tidak terkait dengan syari’at, pasti
tak menghasilkan apa-apa. Syari’at dat</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ng dengan kewajiban pada hamba, dan hakikat memberikan
ketentuan Tuhan. Syari’at memerintahkan mengibadahi pada Dia. Syari’at
melakuakan yang diperintahkan Dia, hakikat menyaksikan ketentuanNya, kadarNya,
baik yang tersembunyi ataupun yang tampak diluar</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">”</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn41"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn48" name="_ftnref48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Walaupun cita</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-cita</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> untuk menjalin keselarasan pengamalan tas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">w</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">uf dengan
syari’at telah di cetuskan dan menjadi keprihatinan ulama’-ulama’ sufi
sebelumnya, namun baru</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Imam Al</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-Ghazali yang secara konkrit berhasil merumuskan bangunan ajarannya. Konsep</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang mengkompromikan dan menjalin secara ketat antara
pengalaman sufisme denga</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> syari’at</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam karya yang paling monumental Ihya’ Ulumu ad-Din.</span><a href="http://senaru.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/penyelarasan-tasawuf-dengan-syri%E2%80%99at-dalam-pemikiran-al-ghazali/#_ftn42"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn49" name="_ftnref49" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[49]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pandangan</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Imam Al-Ghazali Tentang Ma’rifat</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali,
ma’rifat adalah mengetahui rahasia Allah dan mengetahui peraturan-peraturan
Tuhan tentang segala yang ada, alat untuk memperoleh ma’rifat bersandar pada
sir-qolb dan roh. Saat sir, qalb dan roh yang telah suci dan kosong itu
dilimpahi cahaya Tuhan dan dapat mengetahui rahasia-rahasia Tuhan, kelak
keduanya akan mengalami iluminasi (kasyf) dari Allah dengan menurunkan
cahayanya kepada sang sufi hingga yang dilihatnya hanya Allah, di sini
sampailah ia ke tingkat ma’rifat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut Al-Ghazali proses mengenal Allah tidak dapat
hanya dengan menggunakan akal sebagaimana yang diyakini oleh para kaum
filsafat, bahwa pengenalan Allah dengan dhauq atau perantara intuitif (batini)
akan lebih dapat memberikan keyakinan dan ketenangan spiritual daripada hanya
sebatas bersandar dengan akal.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn50" name="_ftnref50" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[50]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Untuk sampai pada mahabbah dan ma’rifat yang sempurna
kepada Tuhan tentunya seorang sufi terlebih dahulu harus melewati berbagi maqom
dan melewati batas fana’. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fana’ merupakan satu istilah
yang menggambarkan seorang sufi yang telah melakukan proses takhalli dan
tahalli. Orang yang mencintai Tuhan akan berusaha bertakhalli (membersihkan
diri dan jiwa dari segala macam sifat yang dibenci Tuhan). Begitu juga
sebaliknya setelah seorang sufi melakukan tahkalli (pembersihan) maka ia akan
mengisi hidupnya dengan sifat-sifat yang dicintai oleh Tuhan atau bertahalli.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[51]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><a href="http://elmisbah.wordpress.com/tasawuf-imam-ghazali/#_ftn7"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ma’rifat merupakan bagian dari finalitas maqomat seorang
sufi. Setelah seorang sufi melewati berbagai maqom mulai dari taubah, wira’i,
zuhud, faqru, sabar, tawakal, dan ridho maka sampailah ia pada satu tsamroh
atau hasil dari perjalanan kesufian tersebut. Tsamroh itulah yang dalam kitab
Ihya’ U’lum al-Din di namakan dengan mahabatullah.</span><a href="http://elmisbah.wordpress.com/tasawuf-imam-ghazali/#_ftn5"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Keterikatan antara
‘mahabbah’ dan makrifat dalam pemikiran sufisme amat erat seolah sepasang
kembar yang tak dapat dipisahkan baik subtansi maupun sifat-sifatnya. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dari makrifat lahir mahabbah, cinta. Tiada pengenalan
yang tidak melahirkan cinta. Ini berlaku dalam setiap taraf spritual.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Proses ma’rifat (pengenalan) seseorang kepada Tuhannya
untuk mencapai mahabbah berbeda-beda. Imam Al-Ghazali membagi kelompok
orang-orang yang sampai pada tingkat ma’rifat dan mahabbah kepada dua tingkatan
yaitu :</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[52]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pertama,
</span></i></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">tingkatan seseorang
yang kuat dalam ma’rifat. Dia adalah seseorang yang menjadikan Tuhan sebagai
awal ma’rifatnya dan kemudian dengan ma’rifat itu ia mengenal segala sesuatu
yang selain Tuhan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kedua,</span></i></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> tingkatan seseorang yang lemah ma’rifatnya. Yaitu
seseorang yang bermula dengan mengenal ciptaan Tuhan kemudian dengan
ma’rifatnya ia mengenal Tuhan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Finalitas dari sebuah
mahabbah dan ma’rifat yang sempurna adalah terbukanya hijab dan terjadinya
tajalli atau penampakan Tuhan pada makhluknya. Seorang yang telah sampai pada
maqom ini akan merasa hidupnya terpenuhi oleh cahaya Tuhan, bahkan terkadang
saat berada dalam kondisi sakran (mabuk) seseorang akan mengeluarkan
ucapan-ucapan teopatis atau dalam istilah tasawuf syatotoh. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Yang menarik dari konsep
ma’rifat </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Imam Al-Ghazali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> adalah penolakannya pada konsep-konsep tokoh sufi
sebelumnya, seperti ; Abu Yazid dengan konsep ittihad, al-Hallaj dengan konsep
hulul, ibn Arabi dengan konsep wahdah al-wujud. Menurut</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Imam Al-Ghazali</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">paham tersebut
berkecenderungan ke arah ketuhanan yang bercorak panteistis-imanenis yang
menggambarkan Tuhan sebagai Dzat yang imanen dalam diri manusia, yang mana ia
melihat itu semua sebagai paham yang akan merusak konsep tauhid yang menjadi
ciri khas dogma teologi dalam Islam. Dalam bukunya, al-Munqidz, ia melihat
rumusan mengenai kedua konsepsi ini sebagai khayalan semata. Katanya, “…
sampailah ia ke derajat yang begitu dekat dengan-Nya sehingga ada orang yang
mengiranya sebagai hulul, ittihad atau wushul. Semua persepsi itu adalah salah
belaka. … barang siapa mengalaminya, hendaklah hanya mengatakan bahwa itu suatu
hal yang tak dapat diterangkan, indah, baik, utama, dan jangan lagi bertanya.”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn53" name="_ftnref53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dengan batasan ini bisa
dilihat, al-Ghazali mempertahankan keyakinan mengenai Tuhan sebagai Dzat yang
transenden. Artinya Tuhan adalah Dzat yang mengatasi dan berbeda dengan manusia
: Ada perbedaan mendasar antara Tuhan dan makhluk (manusia) secara jelas dalam
pandangan al-Ghazali. Akan tetapi penolakan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Imam Al-Ghazali </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">terhadap hulul dan ittihad di atas tidak otomatis merupakan penolakannya
pada pengalaman orang-orang yang telah mencapai maqom ma’rifat. Bagi
al-Ghazali, pengalaman itu benar adanya. Kaum `arifun, setelah pendakiannya ke
langit hakekat, sepakat bahwa mereka tak lagi melihat dalam wujud ini kecuali
Tuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ucapan al-Hallaj ana al-Haq,
dan ucapan-ucapan tokoh sufi lainnya yang dianggap aneh dan menyesatkan
sebenarnya hanyalah merupakan kata-kata teopatis atau syafahat. Ia merupakan
ucapan yang terlepas di bawah kontrol kesadaran seseorang saat berada dalam
keadaan mabuk (sakran) akan cinta Tuhan. Ucapan-ucapan itulah yang selanjutnya
disebut sebagai ajaran ittihad, hulul dan wihdatul wujud. Menurut dia, ilmu
sejati atau ma’rifat sebenarnya adalah mengenal Tuhan. Mengenal Hadrat
Rububiyah. Wujud Tuhan meliputi segala Wujud. Tidak ada yang wujud, melainkan
Tuhan dan perbuatan Tuhan. Tuhan dan perbuatannya adalah dua, bukan satu.
Itulah koreksi </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Imam Al-Ghazali </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">atas pendirian al-Hallaj dan ulama sufi lainnya.
Wujudnya ialah kesatuan semesta (wihdatul wujud). Alam keseluruhan ini adalah
makhluk dan ayat (bukti) tentang kekuasaan dan kebesaran-Nya. Sedangkan
penglihatan akan Tuhan melalui alam dan makhlukNya adalah sebatas tajalli atau
penampakan akan keberadaan Tuhan bukan berarti Tuhan menyatu dengan alam
apalagi mengalami persatuan ke dalam tubuh manusia.<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div>
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Dan Kritikan Terhadap Thasawwuf </span></strong><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam
Al-Ghazali </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengaruh
pemikiran al-Ghazālī dalam dunia Islam amat mendalam dan luas sekali. Hasil
karyanya dibaca dan dikaji di Timur dan Barat serta oleh kalangan bangsa Arab
atau bukan Arab</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ahkan
pengkaji-pengkaji bukan Islam turut meneliti hasil karyanya dan diterjemahkan
ke dalam berbagai bahasa termasuk bahasa Indonesia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Beberapa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
pujian oleh para peminat atau pencinta jasa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Imam A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">l-Ghazālī </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pernya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">taan
al-Yafi’i: “Kalau wujud nabi selepas Nabi Muhamad pasti orang itu ialah
al-Ghazālī.” </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ImamNawawi pula pernah berkata:
“Hampir-hampir Kitab Ihyā mengambil tempat al-Qur’an.” </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kata al-Subky: “Tidak tahu ada orang
selepas al-Ghazāli yang sama sepertinya terutama dari segi kadar memiliki ilmu.
Pasti tidak ada orang yang akan datang sepertinya.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn54" name="_ftnref54" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[54]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Banyak tokoh-tokoh yg terlibat dalam penyebaran dan
perkembanga agama Islam di seluruh dunia, termasuk tokoh-tokoh pada zaman
Rasulullah. Antara nama-nama besar y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">an</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g memberi sumbangan kepada dunia Islam ialah Imam
As-Syafi’e, Imam Malik, termasuk Imam
Al-Ghazali dengan karya beliau yg paling terkenal dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jadi rujukan di seluruh dunia yaitu
Ihya Ulum Al-Din. Imam Al-Ghazali banyak memberi sumbangan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pada dunia Islam sehingga digelar
Hujjatul Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pembela
Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">) </span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn55" name="_ftnref55" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[55]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam
Al-Ghazali adalah nama yang tidak asing lagi di telinga kaum muslimin. Beliau
merupakan seorang teologi Islam, ahli hukum, ahli falsafah dan sufi termasyur</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">juga merupakan salah seorang
sarjana yang paling terkenal dalam sejarah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">pemikir Islam </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sunni. I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">memiliki pengaruh dan pemikiran
yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tersebar ke seluruh dunia Islam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> melalui </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-karyanya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meliputi ilmu
pengetahuan seperti ilmu kalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(teologi
Islam), fikah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(hukum
Islam), tasawauf, falsafah, akhlak dan autobiografi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dipandang paling berjasa dalam
mendamaikan tasawuf dan syariat sehingga tasawuf dapat diterima oleh sebahagian
besar umat Islam. Beliau juga berjasa mengembangkan dan menyebarkan aliran
Asy’ariyah yg dianuti oleh majority Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn56" name="_ftnref56" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[56]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di
kalangan ahli-ahli falsafah, pengkritik al-Ghazālī yang termasyhur ialah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnū Rusyd</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, ia<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menolak
perbahasan-perbahasan al-Ghazālī terhadap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ahli-ahli
falsafah. Contoh kritikan dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penulisannya
ialah Tahāfut al-Tahāfut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bagi
menjawab tulisan al-Ghazālī dalam kitab Tahāfut al-Falāsifah.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn57" name="_ftnref57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Ibnū Rusyd</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mempertahankan
ahli-ahli falsafah dengan hujah yang keras sebagaimana</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">serangan al-Ghazālī terhadap
mereka. Ibnū Rusyd berhujah dengan penuh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kefahaman
dan kehandalan tetapi dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">analisis
terakhir ternyata hujah-hujah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">al-Ghazālī
lebih berkesan daripada penentangnya. Sanggahan Ibnū Rusyd</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyatakan bahawa al-Ghazālī
menentang ahli falsafah semata-mata untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendapat
penghargaan daripada golongan tradisional tidak dapat dibuktikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beliau juga menuduh al-Ghazālī
tidak tetap dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemikirannya.
Contoh, beliau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyebut
bahawa dalam kitab Misykātul al-Anwār, al-Ghazālī memberi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sokongan kepada teori emanasi yang
sudah dikritik dalam Tahafut. Menurut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">beliau
lagi, ajaran-ajaran al-Ghazālī mendatangkan bahaya kepada agama dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">falsafah. Ibnū Rusyd menyatakan
mengenai pemikiran al-Ghazālī</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:
<i>“Satu hari</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kamu
berbangsaYaman apabila bertemu dengan orang Yaman. Tetapi apabila</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kamu bertemu seseorang dari</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ma’ad , kamu</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendakwa kamu dari ‘Adnan!”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tuduhan
tidak konsisten terhadap al-Ghazālī juga dibuat oleh ahli</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">falsafah Islam lain seperti Ibnū
Tufail menyebut dalam karyanya bahawa al-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ghazālī:
“terikat di satu tempat tetapi bebas di tempat lain. Ia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menafikan beberapa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkara tetapi kemudian
mengisytiharkannya benar.” Sungguhpun beliau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menunjukkan
beberapa kontradiksi dalam karya al-Ghazālī tetapi keseluruhannya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnū Tufail mengagumi ajaran
al-Ghazālī yang dapat dikesan dalam karya
<i>Ihyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnū
Taymiyah berpendapat bahawa Ihyā’
‘Ulūm al-Dīn karangan al-Ghazālī</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">secara
amnya adalah sebuah kitab yang ditulis dengan baik dan menggunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gaya yang menarik. Pada masa yang
sama, Ibnū Taymīyah memberi kritikan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kerana
empat sebab:</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn58" name="_ftnref58" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[58]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertama</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pemikiran
al-Ghazālī jelas menunjukkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peninggalan
falsafah Yunani. Dalam menjelaskan ketauhidan Allah, kenabian</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan hari akhirat, beliau memperkenalkan
banyak konsep yang dipegang oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ahli-ahli
falsafah pada</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">masa
itu. DalamMuwāfaqāt,
beliaumenyatakan komentar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abū
Bakar bin al-‘Arabī iaitu sahabat dan pelajarnya bahawa al-Ghazālī telah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mendalami ilmu falsafah dan mahu
menolak pemikiran itu tetapi sukar. Oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sebab
itu, Ibnū Taymīyah menentang falsafah. Beliau mendapati setengah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">penulisan al-Ghazālī tidak dapat
diterima daripada sudut keagamaan. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedua,</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dalampenulisan Ihyā ‘Ulūm al-Dīn al-Ghazālīmenggunakan
analisis logik yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dibuat
berdasarkan premis umum dan khusus dengan tujuan mendapatkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kesimpulan kerana ini tidak
bertepatan dengan semangat al-Qur’an dan Sunnah.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketiga</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> kitab Ihyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīnmempunyai banyak
konsep dan ajaran ahliahli</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">turūq suffīyah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan
pertanyaan-pertanyaan mereka mengenai pendapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">kasyāf </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ke dalam kebenaran
ilahi.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keempat</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kitab Ihyā’
‘Ulūm al-Dīn</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengandungi
banyak hadis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
yang diragui kesahihannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnū
Jawzī juga telah menunjukkan kesilapan-kesilapan mengenai beberapa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peristiwa sejarah yang disebut oleh
al-Ghazālī dalam Ihyā’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ibnū
Jawzi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengatakan bahwa al-Ghazālī telah
menyebut beberapa contoh ahli sufi atau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cara-cara
mereka untuk muraqabah dan pembersihan jiwa (tazkīyah al-nafs)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yang tidak dibolehkan dalam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">syariat, apalagi untuk diikuti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">orang awam.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Walau bagaimanapun Ibn Jawzi
mengakui keberkesanan Ihyā’ dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sumbangannya
amat berharga kepada pemikiran Islam selepas itu. Beliau juga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">telah meringkaskan Ihyā’ ‘Ulūm
al-Dīn di dalam kitab Minhāaj al-Qāsididīndan meninggal bahagian-bahagian yang
boleh diperbahaskan.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nasehat Tasawuf Imam Al-Ghazali<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulis merasa penting untuk memasukan nasehat Imam Al-Ghazali kepada
muridnya ini dengan tujuan semakin memperjelas pemahaman atas kerangka
pemikirannya mengenai tashawwuf, yakni berdasarkan Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah
Rasullulah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahwa s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">uatu hari, Imam
al-Ghazali berkumpul dengan murid-muridnya. Lalu Imam beliau bertanya bebeapa
hal.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftn59" name="_ftnref59" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[59]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertama, “Apa yang paling dekat dengan
diri kita di dunia ini?. ” </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Murid-muridnya ada yang menjawab orang
tua, guru, teman, dan kerabatnya. Imam al-Ghazali menjelaskan semua jawaban itu
benar. Tetapi yang paling dekat dengan kita adalah “Mati”. Sebab itu sudah
janji Allah SWT bahwa setiap yang bernyawa pasti akan mati. (QS. Ali Imran 185)</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lalu Imam al-Ghazali meneruskan pertanyaan
yang kedua. “Apa yang paling jauh dari diri kita di dunia ini?”.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Murid-muridnya ada yang menjawab negara
Cina, bulan, matahari, dan bintang-bintang. Lalu Imam al-Ghazali menjelaskan
bahwa semua jawaban yang mereka berikan adalah benar. Tapi yang paling benar,
ujarnya, adalah “MASA LALU.”</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimanapun kita, apapun kendaraan kita,
tetap kita tidak bisa kembali ke masa lalu. Oleh sebab itu kita harus menjaga
hari ini dan hari-hari yang akan datang dengan perbuatan yang sesuai dengan
ajaran Agama.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lalu Imam al-Ghazali meneruskan dengan
pertanyaan yang ketiga. “Apa yang paling besar di dunia ini?”.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Murid-muridnya ada yang menjawab gunung,
bumi, dan matahari. Semua jawaban itu benar kata Imam Ghozali. Tapi yang paling
besar dari yang ada di dunia ini adalah “Nafsu” (QS. Al- a’araf: 179). Maka
kita harus hati-hati dengan nafsu kita, jangan sampai nafsu membawa kita ke
neraka.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanyaan keempat adalah, “Apa yang
paling berat di dunia ini?”.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada yang menjawab baja, besi, dan gajah.
Semua jawaban sampean benar, kata Imam Ghozali, tapi yang paling berat adalah
“memegang AMANAH” (QS. Al Ahzab 72). Tumbuh-tumbuhan, binatang, gunung, dan
malaikat semua tidak mampu ketika Allah SWT meminta mereka untuk menjadi kalifah
(pemimpin) di dunia ini. Tetapi manusia dengan sombongnya menyanggupi
permintaan Allah SWT, sehingga banyak dari manusia masuk ke neraka karena ia
tidak bisa memegang amanahnya.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanyaan yang kelima adalah, “Apa yang
paling ringan di dunia ini</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">?”.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada yang menjawab kapas, angin, debu, dan
daun-daunan. Semua itu benar kata Imam al-Ghazali. Namun menurut beliau yang
paling ringan di dunia ini adalah ‘meninggalkan SHALAT’. Gara-gara pekerjaan
kita tinggalkan shalat, gara-gara meeting kita juga tinggalkan shalat.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lantas pertanyaan keenam adalah, “Apakah
yang paling tajam di dunia ini?”.</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Murid-muridnya menjawab dengan serentak,
pedang. Benar kata Imam al-Ghazali. Tapi yang paling tajam adalah “lidah
MANUSIA”. Karena melalui lidah, manusia dengan gampangnya menyakiti hati dan
melukai perasaan saudaranya sendiri. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">BAB
IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesimpulan
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
ilmu pengetahuan yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mempelajari
tentang jalan atau cara yang ditempuh dalam mendekatkan diri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kepada<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>Allah SWT. Jalan atau cara yang dimaksud dengan melalui
pembersihan rohani, peningkatan amal saleh, berakhlak mulia dan tekun
melakukan ibadah menurut contoh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rasulullah
SAW disertai dengan melakukan zuhud, berkhalwat dan kontemplasi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">merenung dan berpikir dng sepenuh
perhatian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari segi bah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">asa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tashawwuf</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah sikap
mental yang selalu memelihara kesucian diri, beribadah, hidup sederhana, rela
berkorban untuk kebahagiaan dan selalu bersikap bijaksana, sikap jiwa yang
demikian pada hakikatnya adalah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">hlak</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mulia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Imam Al-Ghazali menjadikan Al-Qur’an
dan Sunnah Rasullulah sebagai pegangan utama dan atau titik tolak manusia dalam
menjalani hidup, baik untuk kepentingan lahiriah maupun bathiniah, semata untuk
mendapat keridhaan Allah, untuk mencapainy itu semua manusia perlu memiliki
ilmu, baik ilmu syariat maupun ilmu tashawwuf, keduanya tidak bisa dipisahkan,
orang hanya akan berhasil mencapai tingkat ma’rifatullah (mengenal Allah)
setelah menjalani syariat secara benar, dan mengenal Allah bukan berarti
menyatu dengan Allah, sebab tidak mungkin itu terjadi. Bahwa pencapaian ketingkat
ma’rifat bukanlah suatu hal yang dapat dipelajari dengan akal semata seperti
pendapat para ahli filsafat terdahulu, bahwa keberhasilan dalam pencapaian
ma’rifat akan tercermin pada ahklak manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Saran-Saran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">as</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">h</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">uf adalah sarana untuk mendukung</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pendalaman rasa agama (spiritualitas) dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memantapkan dan menghidupkan iman. Dengan ilmu kalam
orang baru bisa mengerti tentang pokok-pokok keimanan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">namun tidak bisa menanamkan keyakinan yang mantap dan
menghidupkan pengalaman agama</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, oleh </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karena itu </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> adalah penting untuk mempelajari ,
memahami dan mengamalkan tasawwuf, sebab ibadah akan tidak ada artinya kalau
kita tidak mengenal untuk siapa dan atau kepada siapa kita beribadah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Arifin, Shohibulwafa, K.H.A. 1975.
“Miftahus Shudur”. Diterjemahkan oleh Prof. K.H. Aboebakar Atjeh menjadi “Kunci
Pembuka Dada”. Jilid 1 dan 2. Tasikmalaya, Jawa barat: Yayasan Serba Bakhti
Suryalaya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yayasan Penyelenggara
Penterjemah/Pentafsir Al Qur’an Departemen Agama RI. (1974). “Al-Qur’an dan
Terjemahnya” , Jakarta: Depag RI.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ihya’ U’lum al-Din, Imam Abu Hamid
AlGozali. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Intelektualisme Tasawuf; Studi
Intelektualisme <strong>Tasawuf AlGozali</strong>, Prof Dr Amin Syukur, MA dan
Drs Masyharuddin, MA.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Al-Hayat al-Ruhiyah fi al-Islam, Dr. Muhammad
Musthafa Hilmi. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Inti Tasawuf, Dr. Muhammad Nurshomad</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ceh,
Abu Bakar, <i>Pengantar Sejarah Sufi dan Tasawuf</i>, Solo, Ramadhani,1984.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sufi dari Zaman ke Zaman</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, terj.Ahmad Rofi Utsman, Bandung,
Pustaka, 1997.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dewan
Redaksi Ensiklopedi Islam, <i>Ensiklopedi Islam,</i>
Jakarta, PT. Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 1993</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasan, Abd-Hakim, <i>al-Tasawuf fi Syi’r al-Arabi</i>,Mesir,al-Anjalu
al-Misriyyah,1954</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Munawir,Ahmad warson,<i> al-Munawwir : Kamus Arab – Indonesia</i>,
PP. al-Munawwir,Yogyakarta, 1984</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nasution, Harun, Prof. Dr., <i>Falsafat dan Mistisme dalam Islam</i>,
Jakarta, Bulan Bintang,1995</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syukur, Amin,Prof. Dr., <i>Menggugat Tasawuf</i>,Yogyakarta,Pustaka
Pelajar, 2002</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://islam-indonesia.com/tasawwuf/681-sejarah-tasawuf-dan-aliran-alirannya"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://islam-indonesia.com/tasawwuf/681-sejarah-tasawuf-dan-aliran-alirannya</span></a><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://sipencariilmu.wordpress.com/2012/10/04/tasawuf-imam-al-ghazali-makalah-konsep-pemikiran-tasawuf-al-ghazali/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://sipencariilmu.wordpress.com/2012/10/04/tasawuf-imam-al-ghazali-makalah-konsep-pemikiran-tasawuf-al-ghazali/</span></a><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/</span></a><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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http://titianilahi.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/pengertian-marifatullah/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SUMBER;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">KM. Murdani, S.Th.I & Ismail</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <strong>SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
TASAWWUF</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3 Januari 2010</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">hkhusus.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/sejarah-perkembangan-tasawwuf/</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pengakuan ulama
besar fiqh tentang tasawwuf dan ulama sufi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mei
17, 2007 pada 6:35 am (</span><a href="http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/category/agama/" title="Lihat seluruh tulisan dalam Agama"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Agama</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">, </span><a href="http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/category/agama/ilmu/" title="Lihat seluruh tulisan dalam Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/2007/05/17/pengakuan-ulama-besar-fiqh-tentang-tasawwuf-dan-ulama-sufi/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SUMBER;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">KM. Murdani, S.Th.I & Ismail</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <strong>SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
TASAWWUF</strong></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3 Januari 2010</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">hkhusus.wordpress.com/2010/01/03/sejarah-perkembangan-tasawwuf/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pengakuan ulama
besar fiqh tentang tasawwuf dan ulama sufi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mei
17, 2007 pada 6:35 am (</span><a href="http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/category/agama/" title="Lihat seluruh tulisan dalam Agama"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Agama</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">, </span><a href="http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/category/agama/ilmu/" title="Lihat seluruh tulisan dalam Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/2007/05/17/pengakuan-ulama-besar-fiqh-tentang-tasawwuf-dan-ulama-sufi/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://ahlujannah.blogspot.com/2011/03/pengertian-tasawuf-tasawwuf-menurut.html</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Harun Nasution.<i>Filsafat
dan Mistisisme Dalam Islam.</i>(Jakarta Bulan Bintang.1995),57-58.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">JALAN
MENUJU ALLAH, KONSEP TASAWUF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(Abas Gozali),</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">JALAN MENUJU
ALLAH, KONSEP TASAWUF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(Abas Gozali),</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ibid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ibid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">JALAN
MENUJU ALLAH, KONSEP TASAWUF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(Abas Gozali),</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">JALAN
MENUJU ALLAH, KONSEP TASAWUF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(Abas Gozali),</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">http://guzzaairulhaq.wordpress.com/samudera-tasawuf/jalan-menuju-allah-konsep-tasawuf/</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ahmad Mustofa, <i>Akhlak tasawuf </i>(Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2007) hal.
208</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://sufimuda.net/2012/03/16/tasawuf-adalah-ajaran-rasulullah-saw-dan-para-sahabat/" title="Tasawuf adalah Ajaran Rasulullah SAW dan Para Sahabat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tasawuf adalah Ajaran Rasulullah SAW
dan Para Sahabat</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Posted on <span class="postdate">Maret 16, 2012</span> by SufiMuda</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">http://sufimuda.net/2012/03/16/tasawuf-adalah-ajaran-rasulullah-saw-dan-para-sahabat/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sumber ; </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KHALIFAH ABUBAKAR
ASSIDDIQ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;">oleh Ustaz Syed Hasan Alatas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,
http://www.shiar-islam.com/doc64.htm</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> AhmadWarson
Munawir, <i>Al-Munawir:Kamus Arab–Indonesia</i>,PP.Al-Munawiwir,Yogyakarta,1984,hlm.
626</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Abd. Hakim
Hasan, <i>al-Tasawuf Fi Syi’r al-Arabi</i>,
(Mesir : al-Anjalu al-Misriyyah), 1954, hlm. 42. Lihat juga Prof. D. Amin Syuku
MA, <i>Zuhud</i>…, <i>op.cit</i>, hlm. 2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>Ibid.</i>, hlm. 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Dr. Abu al-Wafa
al-Ghanimi al-Taftazani, <i>Sufi dari Zaman
ke Zaman</i>, (Bandung : Pustaka), 1977, hlm. 54</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Lihat
al-Taftazani, <i>Sufi …, op.cit.,</i> hlm.
55</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Lihat Harun
Nasution,<i>falsafat …,op.cit.,</i> hlm.
62-63</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Dr. Abu al-wafa
al-Ghanimi al-Taftazani,<i>Sufi…,op.cit.,</i>hlm.
56-57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> hlm. 58-59;
lihat juga Prof.Dr. Amin Syukur MA,<i>Zuhud…,op.cit.</i>,hlm.
4-5; Bandingkan dengan Reynold A. Nicholson, <i>Mistik Dalam Islam</i>, (Jakarta : Bumi Aksara),1998,hlm. 8-21</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dewan
Redaksi EndiklopediIslam, Ensiklopedi Islam, (Jakarta.PT.Ichtiar Baru Van Joeve),
1993, hlm.80- 81<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Abu
BakarAceh,<i>Pengantar Sejarah Sufi dan
tasawuf</i>, (Solo : Ramadlani), 1984,hlm.57</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dinukil oleh Adz Dzahabi dalam <i>Siyar A’lam Nubala</i> 6/34.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf antara Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah. Hal. 96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibid 97</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf antara Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah. Hal. 96</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>al-Munqidh min ad-dalal, p. 13.</i>http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/2007/05/17/pengakuan-ulama-besar-fiqh-tentang-tasawwuf-dan-ulama-sufi/</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibid. hal, 236</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sumber :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf antara
Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah. Dr. Abdul Fattah Sayyid Ahmad. Khalifah Jakarta. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ta Tasawuf antara Agama dan
Filsafat. Dr. Ibrahim Hilal. Pustaka Hidayah Bandung. Cet. I. hal. 89. Th.
2002sawuf antara Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah. Hal 234</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tasawuf antara Agama dan Filsafat. Dr. Ibrahim Hilal. Pustaka Hidayah
Bandung. Cet. I. hal. 89. Th. 2002</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengantar Ilmu Tasawuf. Drs.
Yunasril Ali. Pedoman Ilmu Jaya. Jakarta. Cet. I. hal. 29. Th 1987 M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[42]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengantar Ilmu Tasawuf. Drs.
Yunasril Ali. Pedoman Ilmu Jaya. Jakarta. Cet. I. hal. 29. Th 1987 M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[43]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibid. hal. 33.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[44]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Drs. Yunasril Ali. Hal. 34</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref45" name="_ftn45" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[45]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> 54</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref46" name="_ftn46" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[46]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengantar Ilmu Tasawuf. Drs.
Yunasril Ali. Pedoman Ilmu Jaya. Jakarta. Cet. I. hal. 29. Th 1987 M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,hal. 36.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref47" name="_ftn47" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[47]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibid. hal 158</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref48" name="_ftn48" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[48]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ibid. 160.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Yunasril Ali. Pedoman Ilmu Jaya. Jakarta. Cet. I. hal. 29. Th 1987 M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,hal. 162.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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al-Din, Abu Hamid al- Ghazali.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref53" name="_ftn53" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[53]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Inti Tasawuf, Dr. Muhammad Nurshomad<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ahmad
al-Syarbasi, Al-Ghazālī wa Tasawuf al-Islāmy. Darul Hilal, hlm.124</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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dan Sumbangannya kepada Tamadun Islam, abstrak, </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">http://az-esei-</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">jan2010.blogspot.com/2010/04/kelahiran-imam-al-ghazali-dan.html</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thursday,
April 22, 2010</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/4ser/Documents/MAKALAH%20MENGENAL%20TASAWUF%20IMAM%20GHAZALI%202.docx#_ftnref57" name="_ftn57" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[57]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pujian dan
Kritikan Terhadap ImamAl-Ghazali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ABDUL SALAM HJ.
YUSSOF</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ABSTRACThttp://www.ukm.my/jmalim/images/vol_06_2005/abdul_salam_2005.pdf<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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SALAM HJ. YUSSOF</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ABSTRA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Thttp://www.ukm.my/jmalim/images/vol_06_2005/abdul_salam_2005.pdf</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Tasawuf Imam al-Ghozali; Enam Pertanyaan Imam al-Ghazali</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Posted on </span><a href="http://sipencariilmu.wordpress.com/2012/02/23/nasehat-tasawuf-imam-al-ghozali-enam-pertanyaan-imam-al-ghazali/" title="07:20"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">23/02/2012</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> by </span><a href="http://sipencariilmu.wordpress.com/author/belajarlahnak/" title="Tampilkan semua tulisan oleh Si pencari ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Si pencari ilmu</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ipencariilmu.wordpress.com/2012/02/23/nasehat-tasawuf-imam-al-ghozali-enam-pertanyaan-imam-al-ghazali/</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-84529115757851040502013-01-29T18:40:00.001-08:002013-01-29T18:40:17.364-08:00Bumi Cinta: KAIDAH – KAIDAH USHUL FIQIH<a href="http://ismifauziahulfah.blogspot.com/2010/10/kaidah-kaidah-ushul-fiqih.html?spref=bl">Bumi Cinta: KAIDAH – KAIDAH USHUL FIQIH</a>: .BAB I PENDAHULUAN LATAR BELAKANG Ilmu Ushul Fiqih sebenarnya merupakan suatu ilmu yang tidak bisa diabaikan oleh seorang mujtahid dalam u...Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-47723189176386247672013-01-12T12:15:00.001-08:002013-01-12T12:15:17.182-08:00Shalat Malam (Tahajjud), Apakah Harus Tidur Dahulu?<a href="http://indonesian.iloveallaah.com/shalat-malam-tahajjud-apakah-harus-tidur-dahulu/">Shalat Malam (Tahajjud), Apakah Harus Tidur Dahulu?</a>Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-65852342446349970802012-12-27T11:37:00.001-08:002012-12-27T11:40:19.059-08:00Faedah Puasa Daud - Eramuslim<a href="http://www.eramuslim.com/ustadz-menjawab/tentang-puasa-daud.htm#.UNyjOKJO_1A.blogger">Faedah Puasa Daud - Eramuslim</a><br />
<br />
Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-82243363682153513482012-07-19T09:20:00.001-07:002012-07-19T09:20:06.862-07:00RADIAL Blog: 6 Pertanyaan Imam Ghozali<a href="http://simetriradial.blogspot.com/2012/06/6-pertanyaan-imam-ghozali.html?spref=bl">RADIAL Blog: 6 Pertanyaan Imam Ghozali</a>: Suatu hari, Imam Al Ghozali berkumpul dengan murid-muridnya. Lalu Imam Al Ghozali mengajukan 6 pertanyaan. Pertama,"Apa yang paling deka...Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-63447480245069870772011-02-10T14:13:00.000-08:002011-02-10T14:13:12.256-08:00Lets standing up in rule of Allah, second by second !<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8V6LdTIGtKZelm6TfRLPiTNlSbMhxHzCEPVmRPamQ6r5CaiHwILbC-71m7mtwTy2BI7fGfUVu1O6t9NcLP78kzGbOtnqYEMmdZIdS3MDFaAz5N1o6NeNhiJeVeP2e4WWRYhf_bySqalk/s1600/22135_1265135345694_1149079054_30749608_3460612_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8V6LdTIGtKZelm6TfRLPiTNlSbMhxHzCEPVmRPamQ6r5CaiHwILbC-71m7mtwTy2BI7fGfUVu1O6t9NcLP78kzGbOtnqYEMmdZIdS3MDFaAz5N1o6NeNhiJeVeP2e4WWRYhf_bySqalk/s200/22135_1265135345694_1149079054_30749608_3460612_n.jpg" width="158" /></a> <span style="font-size: x-large;">(1) DO'A<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgomb2d-GwSnpgeT7iR6nykzB2zrGLZivfkMJj9mXRqT_YFPoxhJElOnxNg5W0BpX1xcBc4pw5FOUD0wYkXS_njpgToDH-iVwzzKI2k_dlcCgRdhyo8-HlKYs66pNpzqdJPsC9oz8e8kH0/s1600/bismilah.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Ya Allah ya Tuhanku,</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Ku katakan pada diriku seperti ini ;</span><i><br />
</i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><i>The golden is that you take your life to do all things right with perfectly for standing in rule of Allah, second by second.............! </i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Ya, aku ingin menghabiskan sisa umurku slalu berada di jalanMU, detik demi detik, aku ingin ajal menjemputku di saat aku in ' standing up ' di jalan Mu, aku tak sanggup menerima azabMu, aku takut kau tempatkan di neraka, aku ingin berada di SorgaMu, bersama orang orang beriman, aku ingin berada dalam golongan orang orang saleh, yang hidup dan matinya dipasrahkan kepadaMu, sungguh aku yakin Engkau tahu itu.</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Ya Allah ya Tuhanku,</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d;"><span style="color: black;">Mungkin sekarang, atau sejak banyak tahun, sampai sedetik sebelum ini entah telah berapa besar dosa yang telah aku lakukan, Engkau tahu, dan biarlah Engkau saja yang tahu, namun aku yakin akan apa yang Engkau katakan dalam, </span>Al-Quran 2 - AL-BAQARAH ayat 37:</div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><i>Kemudian Adam menerima beberapa kalimat dari Tuhannya, maka Allah menerima tobatnya. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Penerima tobat lagi Maha Penyayang.</i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Ya, dengan kasih sayangMu</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">yang Maha Besar, telah Kau terima taubat Nabi Adam dan Siti Hawa, tentunya ini juga akan berlaku untukku, sungguh sebesar apapun dosaku, aku yakin ampunanMu jauh lebih besar,</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><i>Ampuni aku ya Allah, terimalah taubatku !</i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Ya Allah, ya Tuhanku, </div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Dengan kemurahan dan kasih sayangMu yang besar hendak aku mulai melangkah, menjalani hidup ini bersih dari dosa sekecil apapun, dan aku sadar itu tidaklah mudah, sungguh berat godaan duniawi, sungguh hebat tipu daya iblis dan manusia, keinginan keinginan dan harapanku yang tidak sejalan dengan petunjuk dan ketentuanMu, yang di dorong oleh nafsu kebinatangan yang ada dalam diriku, termasuk kesusahan dan kesulitan hidup yang aku sadari sebagai cobaanMu.</span><i> </i><span style="color: black;">Namun aku yakin Engkau pasti akan menolongku, melindungiku dari semua itu, dan <i><span style="color: blue;">hanya kepada Engkau aku akan mohon pertolongan dan perlindungan, agar detik demi detik kehidupanku slalu berada di jalanMu</span></i></span><i><span style="color: blue;">.</span></i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Ya Allah, ya Tuhanku, </div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Salah satu bentuk dosaku adalah kelalaianku dalam mempelajari dan memahami petunjukMU, aku terlalu sibuk dengan urusan dunia, hampir hampir tak ada waktu bahkan untuk sekedar membaca firmanMu barang 1 ayat seharipun, bahkan aku tidak begitu tertarik dengan ceramah ceramah agama dari para uztad, sungguh aku butuh bimbingan dan petunjukMu dalam kembali mempelajari dan memahami firman-firmanMu melalui berbagai media, agar tak terjerumus dalam kesesatan lagi, <i><span style="color: blue;">tunjukilah aku jalan yang lurus, yaitu jalan orang orang yang telah Engkau anugerahi nikmat kepada mereka, bukan jalan mereka yang Engkau murkai dan bukan pula jalan mereka yang sesat. </span></i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Bentuk lain dari dosaku adalah aku lebih merasa malu kepada manusia dibanding kepada Engkau, yang aku tahu pasti Engkau melihat perbuatanku, mendengar perkataanku, mengetahui isi hatiku, <i><span style="color: blue;">tak ada satu tempatpun yang aku dapat bersembunyi dari Engkau, sungguh aku telah melampaui batas !</span></i><br />
Ya Allah, ya Tuhanku, </div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Aku tahu, ini sangatlah berat, tidak mudah, karena bertaubat artinya mohon ampun padaMu akan dosa dosaku yg telah lalu, dan tidak lagi mengerjakan dosa pada masa yang akan datang, membersihkan diri dari segala penyakit hati, kedepannya mengerjakan perintahMu, meninggalkan laranganMu, dengan Ihklas ! Bahwa apapun yang terjadi padaku itu hanya akan terjadi atas izin dan kehendakMU ! </div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Bahwa betapa beratnya menjalani perintah dan laranganMu, sabar dan ihklas dalam menghadapi cobaanMu, keluh kesahku karena kesulitan hidup, melawan godaan dunia ini, menahan diri dari keinginan dan harapan harapanku yang tidak sejalan dengan petunjukMu, menghadapi tipu daya manusia, menghindar dari sifat Riya, menahan hawa amarah,<i> <span style="color: blue;">sungguh aku yakin atas kehendak dan izinMu aku akan bisa tetap berada di jalanMu ya Allah !</span></i></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Ya Allah, ya Tuhanku, </div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Aku datang menghadapMu, dalam keadaan penuh dosa, namun aku yakin kemurahan dan kasih sayangMu akan membelai jiwaku, bahwa sebesar apapun dosaku, aku tahu ampunanMu jauh lebih besar untukku, karena Engkau Maha pemberi ampunan pada hambaMu yang mohon ampun, pintu taubatMu terbuka untukku, ampunilah semua dosa-dosaku, terimalah taubatku seperti telah kau terima taubatnya nabi Adam dan Siti Hawa dan kaum muslimin lainnya, kedepannya, bimbinglah aku, beri aku petunjuk dan hidayahMu agar dapat selalu memahami dan menjalankan perintahMu dengan benar, meninggalkan segala laranganMu, membersihkan hatiku dari segala penyakit, tolonglah aku , lindungi aku dari segala tipu daya iblis dan manusia, beri aku kekuatan yang cukup dalam menghadapi cobaanMu dengan Ihklas, agar aku dapat <i><span style="color: blue;">" slalu berdiri di jalanMu dengan benar dan sempurna dalam setiap detik hidupku !".</span></i><br />
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</tbody></table>Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7459184558705321752.post-49130159430712937582011-02-03T08:32:00.000-08:002011-02-03T08:32:15.391-08:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title"> Tentang Imam Al-Ghazali</h3><div class="post-header"> </div><div class="post-body entry-content"><div id="siteSub">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div><div id="contentSub"><div class="flaggedrevs_short plainlinks noprint" id="mw-fr-revisiontag"><img alt="Perubahan tertunda ditampilkan di halaman ini" class="flaggedrevs-icon" src="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/FlaggedRevs/client/img/1.png" title="Perubahan tertunda ditampilkan di halaman ini" /><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Validasi_halaman" title="Bantuan:Validasi halaman">Belum Diperiksa</a></b></div></div><div id="jump-to-nav">Langsung ke: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#mw-head">navigasi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#p-search">cari</a> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Al-Ghazali.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="254" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Al-Ghazali.jpg" width="200" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Al-Ghazali.jpg" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Al-Ghazali</div></div></div><b>Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad al Ghazali ath-Thusi asy-Syafi'i</b> (lahir di Thus; <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1058" title="1058">1058</a> / 450 H – meninggal di Thus; <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a> / 14 Jumadil Akhir 505 H; umur 52–53 tahun) adalah seorang filosof dan teolog muslim Persia, yang dikenal sebagai <i>Algazel</i> di dunia Barat abad Pertengahan.<br />
Ia berkuniah <b>Abu Hamid</b> karena salah seorang anaknya bernama Hamid. Gelar beliau <b>al-Ghazali ath-Thusi</b> berkaitan dengan ayahnya yang bekerja sebagai pemintal bulu kambing dan tempat kelahirannya yaitu Ghazalah di Bandar Thus, Khurasan, Persia (Iran). Sedangkan gelar <b>asy-Syafi'i</b> menunjukkan bahwa beliau bermazhab Syafi'i. Ia berasal dari keluarga yang miskin. Ayahnya mempunyai cita-cita yang tinggi yaitu ingin anaknya menjadi orang alim dan saleh. Imam Al-Ghazali adalah seorang ulama, ahli pikir, ahli filsafat Islam yang terkemuka yang banyak memberi sumbangan bagi perkembangan kemajuan manusia. Ia pernah memegang jawatan sebagai Naib Kanselor di Madrasah Nizhamiyah, pusat pengajian tinggi di Baghdad. Imam Al-Ghazali meninggal dunia pada 14 Jumadil Akhir tahun 505 Hijriah bersamaan dengan tahun 1111 Masehi di Thus. Jenazahnya dikebumikan di tempat kelahirannya.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr> <td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Daftar isi</h2><span class="toctoggle">[<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#" id="togglelink">sembunyikan</a>]</span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Sifat_Pribadi"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sifat Pribadi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Pendidikan"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Pendidikan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Karya"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Karya</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Teologi"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Teologi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Tasawuf"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tasawuf</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Filsafat"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Filsafat</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Fiqih"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Fiqih</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Logika"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Logika</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Pranala_luar"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Rujukan"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Rujukan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#Catatan"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Catatan</span></a></li>
</ul></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat Pribadi">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sifat_Pribadi">Sifat Pribadi</span></h2>Imam al-Ghazali mempunyai daya ingat yang kuat dan bijak berhujjah. Ia digelar <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hujjatul_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hujjatul Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Hujjatul Islam</a></i> karena kemampuannya tersebut. Ia sangat dihormati di dua dunia Islam yaitu Saljuk dan Abbasiyah yang merupakan pusat kebesaran Islam. Ia berjaya menguasai pelbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Imam al-Ghazali sangat mencintai ilmu pengetahuan. Ia juga sanggup meninggalkan segala kemewahan hidup untuk bermusafir dan mengembara serta meninggalkan kesenangan hidup demi mencari ilmu pengetahuan. Sebelum beliau memulai pengembaraan, beliau telah mempelajari karya ahli sufi ternama seperti <i>al-Junaid Sabili</i> dan <i>Bayazid Busthami</i>. Imam al-Ghazali telah mengembara selama 10 tahun. Ia telah mengunjungi tempat-tempat suci di daerah Islam yang luas seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah">Mekkah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>. Ia terkenal sebagai ahli <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Filsafat Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">filsafat Islam</a> yang telah mengharumkan nama ulama di Eropa melalui hasil karyanya yang sangat bermutu tinggi. Sejak kecil lagi beliau telah dididik dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhlak" title="Akhlak">akhlak</a> yang mulia. Hal ini menyebabkan beliau benci kepada sifat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riya" title="Riya">riya</a>, megah, sombong, takabur, dan sifat-sifat tercela yang lain. Ia sangat kuat beribadat, wara, zuhud, dan tidak gemar kepada kemewahan, kepalsuan, kemegahan dan mencari sesuatu untuk mendapat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ridha&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ridha (halaman belum tersedia)">ridha</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> SWT.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</span></h2>Pada tingkat dasar, beliau mendapat pendidikan secara gratis dari beberapa orang guru karena kemiskinan keluarganya. Pendidikan yang diperoleh pada peringkat ini membolehkan beliau menguasai Bahasa Arab dan Parsi dengan fasih. Oleh sebab minatnya yang mendalam terhadap ilmu, beliau mula mempelajari ilmu <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ushuluddin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ushuluddin (halaman belum tersedia)">ushuluddin</a>, ilmu <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantiq&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mantiq (halaman belum tersedia)">mantiq</a>, usul <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqih" title="Fiqih">fiqih</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a>, dan mempelajari segala pendapat keeempat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab" title="Mazhab">mazhab</a> hingga mahir dalam bidang yang dibahas oleh mazhab-mazhab tersebut. Selepas itu, beliau melanjutkan pelajarannya dengan Ahmad ar-Razkani dalam bidang ilmu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqih" title="Fiqih">fiqih</a>, Abu Nasr al-Ismail di Jarajan, dan Imam Harmaim di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naisabur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naisabur (halaman belum tersedia)">Naisabur</a>. Oleh sebab Imam al-Ghazali memiliki ketinggian ilmu, beliau telah dilantik menjadi mahaguru di Madrasah Nizhamiah (sebuah universitas yang didirikan oleh perdana menteri) di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> pada tahun 484 Hijrah. Kemudian beliau dilantik pula sebagai Naib Kanselor di sana. Ia telah mengembara ke beberapa tempat seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah">Mekkah</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> untuk berjumpa dengan ulama-ulama di sana untuk mendalami ilmu pengetahuannya yang ada. Dalam pengembaraan, beliau menulis kitab <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ihya_Ulumuddin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ihya Ulumuddin (halaman belum tersedia)">Ihya Ulumuddin</a></i> yang memberi sumbangan besar kepada masyarakat dan pemikiran manusia dalam semua masalah.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Karya">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Karya">Karya</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Teologi">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Teologi">Teologi</span></h3><ul><li><i>Al-Munqidh min adh-Dhalal</i></li>
<li><i>Al-Iqtishad fi al-I`tiqad</i></li>
<li><i>Al-Risalah al-Qudsiyyah</i></li>
<li><i>Kitab al-Arba'in fi Ushul ad-Din</i></li>
<li><i>Mizan al-Amal</i></li>
<li><i>Ad-Durrah al-Fakhirah fi Kasyf Ulum al-Akhirah</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup></li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Tasawuf">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Tasawuf">Tasawuf</span></h3><ul><li><i>Ihya Ulumuddin</i> (Kebangkitan Ilmu-Ilmu Agama)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup>, merupakan karyanya yang terkenal</li>
<li><i>Kimiya as-Sa'adah</i> (Kimia Kebahagiaan)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Misykah al-Anwar</i> (The Niche of Lights)</li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Filsafat">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Filsafat">Filsafat</span></h3><ul><li><i>Maqasid al-Falasifah</i></li>
<li><i>Tahafut al-Falasifah</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup> buku ini membahas kelemahan-kelemahan para filosof masa itu, yang kemudian ditanggapi oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Rushdi" title="Ibnu Rushdi">Ibnu Rushdi</a> dalam buku <i>Tahafut al-Tahafut</i> (The Incoherence of the Incoherence).</li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Fiqih">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Fiqih">Fiqih</span></h3><ul><li><i>Al-Mushtasfa min `Ilm al-Ushul</i></li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Logika">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Logika">Logika</span></h3><ul><li><i>Mi`yar al-Ilm</i> (The Standard Measure of Knowledge)</li>
<li><i>al-Qistas al-Mustaqim</i> (The Just Balance)</li>
<li><i>Mihakk al-Nazar fi al-Manthiq</i> (The Touchstone of Proof in Logic)</li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</span></h2><ul><li><span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."><b>(en)</b></span> <a class="external text" href="http://www.ghazali.org/" rel="nofollow">Al-Ghazali Web Site</a></li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Rujukan">Rujukan</span></h2><ul><li>Laoust, H: La politique de Gazali, 1970.</li>
<li>Campanini, M.: Al-Ghazzali, in S.H. Nasr and O. Leaman, History of Islamic Philosophy 1996.</li>
<li>Watt, W M.: Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali, Edinburgh 1963.</li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Catatan">Catatan</span></h2><div class="references-small"><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-0"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_ref-0">^</a></b> <span lang="ar" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Arab."><b>(ar)</b></span> Al-Ghazali. <i>Ad-Durrah al-Fakhirah fi Kasyf Ulum al-Akhirah</i>. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut. Cetakan I, 1409 H / 1988 M.</li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."><b>(id)</b></span> -----. <i>Kasyf Ulum al-Akhirah, Berwisata ke Alam Ruh</i>. Penerbit Marja', Bandung. Cetakan I, Dzulhijjah 1424 H / Januari 2004 M.</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span lang="ar" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Arab."><b>(ar)</b></span> -----. <i><a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/Islamlib/viewtoc.asp?BID=383" rel="nofollow">Ihya Ulumuddin</a></i> (<a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/booksD/viewtoc.asp?BID=383" rel="nofollow">pranala unduhan</a>, <a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/booksD/DownloadFolder/27ya2OloomEldeen.exe" rel="nofollow">unduhan 5.33 MB</a>).</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."><b>(en)</b></span> -----. <i><a class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/tah/" rel="nofollow">The Alchemy of Happiness</a></i>. Translator: Claud Field (1863-1941). Northbrook Society. 1909.</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."><b>(en)</b></span> Marmura. <i>Al-Ghazali The Incoherence of the Philosophers</i> (2nd edition). Printing Press, Brigham. <a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0842524665">ISBN 0-8425-2466-5</a>.</li>
</ol></div><div class="printfooter">Diperoleh dari "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali</a>"</div><div class="catlinks" id="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Kelahiran_1058" title="Kategori:Kelahiran 1058">Kelahiran 1058</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Kematian_1111" title="Kategori:Kematian 1111">Kematian 1111</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Meninggal_usia_53" title="Kategori:Meninggal usia 53">Meninggal usia 53</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Filsuf" title="Kategori:Filsuf">Filsuf</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Cendekiawan_Muslim" title="Kategori:Cendekiawan Muslim">Cendekiawan Muslim</a></span></div></div></div><span class="post-author vcard"> </span> <span class="post-timestamp"> </span> <span class="post-comment-link"> </span> <span class="post-icons"> <span class="item-control blog-admin pid-2001303038"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/page-edit.g?blogID=7459184558705321752&pageID=2903262104948686870" title="Edit Laman"> <img alt="" class="icon-action" height="18" src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif" width="18" /> </a> </span> </span>Uni Marni Malay, SH. MH.http://www.blogger.com/profile/10644391554861536651noreply@blogger.com1